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Pneumonia is a common respiratory infection, [2] affecting approximately 450 million people a year and occurring in all parts of the world. [3] It is a major cause of death among all age groups, resulting in 1.4 million deaths in 2010 (7% of the world's yearly total) and 3.0 million deaths in 2016 (the 4th leading cause of death in the world).
It is the most common bacterial pneumonia found in adults, the most common type of community-acquired pneumonia, and one of the common types of pneumococcal infection. The estimated number of Americans with pneumococcal pneumonia is 900,000 annually, with almost 400,000 cases hospitalized and fatalities accounting for 5-7% of these cases. [2]
The pneumonia severity index (PSI) or PORT Score is a clinical prediction rule that medical practitioners can use to calculate the probability of morbidity and mortality among patients with community acquired pneumonia. [1] The PSI/PORT score is often used to predict the need for hospitalization in people with pneumonia. [2]
Pneumonia fills the lung's alveoli with fluid, hindering oxygenation. The alveolus on the left is normal, whereas the one on the right is full of fluid from pneumonia. Pneumonia frequently starts as an upper respiratory tract infection that moves into the lower respiratory tract. [55] It is a type of pneumonitis (lung inflammation). [56]
Necrotizing pneumonia (NP), also known as cavitary pneumonia or cavitatory necrosis, is a rare but severe complication of lung parenchymal infection. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] In necrotizing pneumonia, there is a substantial liquefaction following death of the lung tissue, which may lead to gangrene formation in the lung.
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Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) is a form of lung disease characterized by progressive scarring of both lungs. [1] The scarring ( pulmonary fibrosis ) involves the pulmonary interstitium (the supporting framework of the lung).
In late 2023, an outbreak of mycoplasma pneumonia occurred in Ohio in the United States, primarily affecting children. [1] Despite it occurring at around the same time, experts say that it is unrelated to the 2023 Chinese pneumonia outbreak. [2] The average age of children affected is eight years old, with some cases being as young as three. [1]