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The customary courts had traditionally upheld the principle of "assumed male inheritance". [4] The customary law in question, that of the Ngwaketse tribe, dictated that the family home of a deceased individual was to be reserved to the last born male child. The rest of the property was to be divided among the children, regardless of gender. [1]
mother's ability to pass on citizenship to children: Botswana Court of Appeal: 1992 Bhe v Magistrate, Khayelitsha: inheritance by women under customary law: Constitutional Court of South Africa: 2004 Bliss v Canada (AG) unemployment insurance benefits during pregnancy: Supreme Court of Canada: 1978 Califano v. Goldfarb
Requirements that applicants for a change in gender were infertile post-surgery declared unconstitutional by a supreme court ruling in 2011. In April 2024, the German parliament has passed a self-identification law making it easier for individuals within Germany to legally change gender on documents. It went into legal effect on November 1, 2024.
Changing M/F identification documents Third gender or sex classifications Ending official classification by sex or gender Sex and gender distinctions Assign infants and children to male or female; Argentina [118] Self-determination [119] Since July 2021, gender X became available and implemented [120] Canada [121] Self-determination
The Open Society Foundations published a report, License to Be Yourself in May 2014, documenting "some of the world's most progressive and rights-based laws and policies" enabling changes to gender markers on official documents. [47] The report comments on the recognition of third classifications, stating:
In the Dominican Republic, güevedoces (from Spanish: güevedoce, from Dominican Spanish güevos a los doce "testicles [1] at twelve") are children with a specific intersex variation. Güevedoces are classified as girls when they are born but, around age 12, when they commence puberty, they start developing male genitalia .
Children with persistent gender dysphoria are characterized by more extreme gender dysphoria in childhood than children with desisting gender dysphoria. [1] Some (but not all) gender variant youth will want or need to transition, which may involve social transition (changing dress, name, pronoun), and, for older youth and adolescents, medical transition (hormone therapy or surgery).
[5] In the matrilineal inheritance system of Malawi, daughter preference emerges if all existing children are sons. [ 6 ] Daughter preference or son preference is sometimes expressed by higher levels of household investment in offspring of preferred gender.