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The customary courts had traditionally upheld the principle of "assumed male inheritance". [4] The customary law in question, that of the Ngwaketse tribe, dictated that the family home of a deceased individual was to be reserved to the last born male child. The rest of the property was to be divided among the children, regardless of gender. [1]
[5] In the matrilineal inheritance system of Malawi, daughter preference emerges if all existing children are sons. [ 6 ] Daughter preference or son preference is sometimes expressed by higher levels of household investment in offspring of preferred gender.
Chung et al. theorized that changes in fetal hormone levels produce changes in BSTc synaptic density, neuronal activity, or neurochemical content which later lead to size and neuron count changes in BSTc, or alternatively, that the size of BSTc is affected by the generation of a gender identity inconsistent with one's assigned sex. [21] [19]
Children with persistent gender dysphoria are characterized by more extreme gender dysphoria in childhood than children with desisting gender dysphoria. [1] Some (but not all) gender variant youth will want or need to transition, which may involve social transition (changing dress, name, pronoun), and, for older youth and adolescents, medical transition (hormone therapy or surgery).
Requirements that applicants for a change in gender were infertile post-surgery declared unconstitutional by a supreme court ruling in 2011. In April 2024, the German parliament has passed a self-identification law making it easier for individuals within Germany to legally change gender on documents. It went into legal effect on November 1, 2024.
Impartible inheritance has the effect of keeping large estates united and thus perpetuating an elite. With partible inheritance large estates are slowly divided among many descendants and great wealth is thus diluted. Inheritance customs can even affect gender differences in cognitive abilities.
Heredity, also called inheritance or biological inheritance, is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring; either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic information of their parents.
Son preference has been demonstrated across all social classes, from "succession laws in royal families to land inheritance in peasant families." [1] Sons are considered both a status symbol and a genetic and economic competitive advantage. [2] Son preference can influence birth rates and thus population growth. [3]