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During first distillation, the pot still (or "wash still") is filled about two-thirds full of a fermented liquid (or wash) with an alcohol content of about 7–12%. [4] [5] [6] In the case of whiskey distillation, the liquid used is a beer, while in the case of brandy production, it is a base wine. The pot still is then heated so that the ...
Homebrewing. A homebrewing kit consisting of hopped malt extract, yeast and instructions. Homebrewing is the brewing of beer or other alcoholic beverages on a small scale for personal, non-commercial purposes. Supplies, such as kits and fermentation tanks, can be purchased locally at specialty stores or online.
Fractionation at total reflux. The Fenske equation in continuous fractional distillation is an equation used for calculating the minimum number of theoretical plates required for the separation of a binary feed stream by a fractionation column that is being operated at total reflux (i.e., which means that no overhead product distillate is being withdrawn from the column).
Colour. "Degrees Lovibond" or "°L" scale is a measure of the colour of a substance, usually beer, whiskey, or sugar solutions. The determination of the degrees Lovibond takes place by comparing the colour of the substance to a series of amber to brown glass slides, usually by a colorimeter. The scale was devised by Joseph Williams Lovibond. [1]
Distillation. Laboratory model of a still. 1: The heat source to boil the mixture. 2: round-bottom flask containing the mixture to be boiled. 3: the head of the still. 4: mixture boiling-point thermometer. 5: the condenser of the still. 6: the cooling-water inlet of the condenser. 7: the cooling-water outlet of the condenser.
Soju is traditionally made by distilling alcohol from fermented rice. [17] The rice wine for distilled soju is usually fermented for about 15 days, and the distillation process involves boiling the filtered, mature rice wine in a sot ( cauldron ) topped with soju gori (a two-story distilling appliance with a pipe).
Methanol is a promising energy carrier because, as a liquid, it is easier to store than hydrogen and natural gas. Its energy density is, however, lower than methane, per kg. Its combustion energy density is 15.6 MJ / L (LHV), whereas that of ethanol is 24 and gasoline is 33 MJ/L.
The process of distillation spread from the Middle East to Italy, [32] where evidence of the distillation of alcohol appears from the School of Salerno in the 12th century. [ 25 ] [ 54 ] The works of Taddeo Alderotti (1223–1296) describe a method for concentrating alcohol involving repeated fractional distillation through a water-cooled still ...
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