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The Pharisees (/ ˈfærəsiːz /; Hebrew: פְּרוּשִׁים, romanized: Pərūšīm, lit. 'separated ones') were a Jewish social movement and a school of thought in the Levant during the time of Second Temple Judaism. Following the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 AD, Pharisaic beliefs became the foundational, liturgical, and ...
The Pharisees and the Sadducees Come to Tempt Jesus by James Tissot (Brooklyn Museum) The Jewish community of the Second Temple period is often defined by its sectarian and fragmented attributes. Josephus, in Antiquities , contextualizes the Sadducees as opposed to the Pharisees and the Essenes .
Coincidentally this was the same name by which the Pharisees of antiquity were known. However the latter-day perushim did not make any claim to be successors of the Pharisees. In the generations before they departed for Israel, the term perushim (spelled in Hebrew פירושים ) referred to commentaries in the holy books. It was later ...
Josephus. Flavius Josephus[a] (/ dʒoʊˈsiːfəs /; [9] Greek: Ἰώσηπος, Iṓsēpos; c. AD 37 – c. 100) or Yosef ben Mattityahu (Hebrew: יוסף בן מתתיהו) was a Roman–Jewish historian and military leader. Best known for writing The Jewish War, he was born in Jerusalem —then part of the Roman province of Judea —to a ...
Christ Before Caiaphas, by Matthias Stom. Josef Ben Caiaphas (/ ˈkaɪ.ə.fəs /; c. 14 BC – c. 46 AD), known simply as Caiaphas[a] in the New Testament, was the High Priest of Israel during the years of Jesus' ministry, according to Josephus. [1] The Gospels of Matthew, Luke and John indicate he was an organizer of the plot to kill Jesus.
Rabbinic literature. The Mishnah or the Mishna (/ ˈmɪʃnə /; Hebrew: מִשְׁנָה, "study by repetition", from the verb shanah שנה , or "to study and review", also "secondary") is the first written collection of the Jewish oral traditions that are known as the Oral Torah.
Rabbinic Judaism (Hebrew: יהדות רבנית, romanized: Yahadut Rabanit), also called Rabbinism, Rabbinicism, or Rabbanite Judaism, has been an orthodox form of Judaism since the 6th century CE, after the codification of the Babylonian Talmud. Rabbinic Judaism has its roots in the Pharisaic school of Second Temple Judaism, and is based ...
The commandment to keep Shabbat as a day of rest is repeated many times in the Hebrew Bible.Its importance is also stressed in Exodus 31:12–17: . 12 And יהוה said to Moses: 13 Speak to the Israelite people and say: Nevertheless, you must keep My sabbaths, for this is a sign between Me and you throughout the ages, that you may know that I יהוה have consecrated you. 14 You shall keep ...