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2. List of random number generators - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_random_number...

   However, generally they are considerably slower (typically by a factor 2–10) than fast, non-cryptographic random number generators. These include: Stream ciphers. Popular choices are Salsa20 or ChaCha (often with the number of rounds reduced to 8 for speed), ISAAC, HC-128 and RC4. Block ciphers in counter mode.

3. Linear congruential generator - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_congruential_generator

   Using a = 4 and c = 1 (bottom row) gives a cycle length of 9 with any seed in [0, 8]. A linear congruential generator (LCG) is an algorithm that yields a sequence of pseudo-randomized numbers calculated with a discontinuous piecewise linear equation. The method represents one of the oldest and best-known pseudorandom number generator algorithms.

4. Random number generation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_number_generation

   Dice are an example of a mechanical hardware random number generator. When a cubical die is rolled, a random number from 1 to 6 is obtained. Random number generation is a process by which, often by means of a random number generator (RNG), a sequence of numbers or symbols that cannot be reasonably predicted better than by random chance is generated.

5. Multiplication algorithm - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplication_algorithm

   A multiplication algorithm is an algorithm (or method) to multiply two numbers. Depending on the size of the numbers, different algorithms are more efficient than others. Numerous algorithms are known and there has been much research into the topic. The oldest and simplest method, known since antiquity as long multiplication or grade-school ...

6. Lehmer random number generator - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehmer_random_number_generator

   The generator computes an odd 128-bit value and returns its upper 64 bits. This generator passes BigCrush from TestU01, but fails the TMFn test from PractRand. That test has been designed to catch exactly the defect of this type of generator: since the modulus is a power of 2, the period of the lowest bit in the output is only 2 62, rather than ...

7. Karatsuba algorithm - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karatsuba_algorithm

   The Karatsuba algorithm is a fast multiplication algorithm. It was discovered by Anatoly Karatsuba in 1960 and published in 1962. [1][2][3] It is a divide-and-conquer algorithm that reduces the multiplication of two n -digit numbers to three multiplications of n /2-digit numbers and, by repeating this reduction, to at most single-digit ...