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2. x86 instruction listings - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86_instruction_listings

   Below is the full 8086/8088 instruction set of Intel (81 instructions total). [2] These instructions are also available in 32-bit mode, in which they operate on 32-bit registers (eax, ebx, etc.) and values instead of their 16-bit (ax, bx, etc.) counterparts.

3. TEST (x86 instruction) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TEST_(x86_instruction)

   In the x86 assembly language, the TEST instruction performs a bitwise AND on two operands. The flags SF, ZF, PF are modified while the result of the AND is discarded. The OF and CF flags are set to 0, while AF flag is undefined. There are 9 different opcodes for the TEST instruction depending on the type and size of the operands. It can compare ...

4. x86 assembly language - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86_assembly_language

   x86 assembly language includes instructions for a stack-based floating-point unit (FPU). The FPU was an optional separate coprocessor for the 8086 through the 80386, it was an on-chip option for the 80486 series, and it is a standard feature in every Intel x86 CPU since the 80486, starting with the Pentium.

5. Virtual 8086 mode - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_8086_mode

   To use virtual 8086 mode, an operating system sets up a virtual 8086 mode monitor, which is a program that manages the real-mode program and emulates or filters access to system hardware and software resources. The monitor must run at privilege level 0 and in protected mode. Only the 8086 program runs in VM86 mode and at privilege level 3.

6. JMP (x86 instruction) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JMP_(x86_instruction)

   In the x86 assembly language, the JMP instruction performs an unconditional jump. Such an instruction transfers the flow of execution by changing the program counter.There are a number of different opcodes that perform a jump; depending on whether the processor is in real mode or protected mode, and an override instruction is used, the instructions may take 16-bit, 32-bit, or segment:offset ...

7. A20 line - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A20_line

   Enabling the Gate-A20 line is one of the first steps that a protected-mode x86 operating system does in the bootup process, often before control has been passed to the kernel from the bootstrap (in the case of Linux, for example). Virtual 8086 mode, introduced with the Intel 80386, allows the A20 wrap-around to be simulated by using the virtual ...

8. Assembly language - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_language

   In computer programming, assembly language (alternatively assembler language [1] or symbolic machine code), [2] [3] [4] often referred to simply as assembly and commonly abbreviated as ASM or asm, is any low-level programming language with a very strong correspondence between the instructions in the language and the architecture's machine code instructions. [5]

9. INT (x86 instruction) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INT_(x86_instruction)

   INT is an assembly language instruction for x86 processors that generates a software interrupt. It takes the interrupt number formatted as a byte value. [1] When written in assembly language, the instruction is written like this: INT X. where X is the software interrupt that should be generated (0-255).