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Just like gamblers place bets on boxers who fight in divisions based on their weight, investors, too, put their money down on stocks that are grouped together by size. All publicly traded companies...
Market cap is given by the formula =, where MC is the market capitalization, N is the number of common shares outstanding, and P is the market price per common share. [ 8 ] For example, if a company has 4 million common shares outstanding and the closing price per share is $20, its market capitalization is then $80 million.
In the United States, a small cap company is a company whose market capitalization (shares x value of each share) is considered small, from $250 million to $2 billion. Market caps terms may be different outside the United States.
The Russell 2000 is by far the most common benchmark for mutual funds that identify themselves as "small-cap", while the S&P 500 index is used primarily for large capitalization stocks. It is the most widely quoted measure of the overall performance of small-cap to mid-cap company shares.
Large-cap stocks are generally considered to be safer investments than their mid- and small-cap stock counterparts because they are larger, more established companies with a proven track record.
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Stock market indices may be categorized by their index weight methodology, or the rules on how stocks are allocated in the index, independent of its stock coverage. For example, the S&P 500 and the S&P 500 Equal Weight each cover the same group of stocks, but the S&P 500 is weighted by market capitalization, while the S&P 500 Equal Weight places equal weight on each constituent.
Non-financial assets, such as land and buildings, may also be included. For example, dictionary definitions of money include "wealth reckoned in terms of money" and "persons or interests possessing or controlling great wealth", [8] neither of which correspond to the economic definition.