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Case studies in four developing countries also have demonstrated an association between increased use of ORS and reduction in mortality. [11] ORT using the original ORS formula has no effect on the duration of the diarrheic episode or the volume of fluid loss, [ 12 ] although reduced osmolarity solutions have been shown to reduce stool volume.
Gastroenteritis is the main reason for 3.7 million visits to physicians a year in the United States [1] and 3 million visits in France. [81] In the United States gastroenteritis as a whole is believed to result in costs of US$23 billion per year, [82] with rotavirus alone resulting in estimated costs of US$1 billion a year. [1]
For example, Shigella is a longstanding World Health Organization (WHO) target for vaccine development, and sharp declines in age-specific diarrhea/dysentery attack rates for this pathogen indicate that natural immunity does develop following exposure; thus, vaccination to prevent this disease should be feasible. The development of vaccines ...
The evolution of bacteria on a "Mega-Plate" petri dish A list of antibiotic resistant bacteria is provided below. These bacteria have shown antibiotic resistance (or antimicrobial resistance). Gram positive Clostridioides difficile Clostridioides difficile is a nosocomial pathogen that causes diarrheal disease worldwide. Diarrhea caused by C. difficile can be life-threatening. Infections are ...
In 1997, ondansetron was the subject of a meta-analysis case study. Researchers examined 84 trials, with 11,980 people receiving ondansetron, published between 1991 and September 1996. Intravenous ondansetron 4 mg versus placebo was investigated in 16 reports and three further reports which had been duplicated a total of six times.
Inflammation of the stomach by infection from any cause is called gastritis, and when including other parts of the gastrointestinal tract called gastroenteritis. When gastritis persists in a chronic state, it is associated with several diseases, including atrophic gastritis, pyloric stenosis, and gastric cancer.
Granisetron is a serotonin 5-HT 3 receptor antagonist used as an antiemetic to treat nausea and vomiting following chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Its main effect is to reduce the activity of the vagus nerve, which is a nerve that activates the vomiting center in the medulla oblongata.
List of sulfonamides; Author of The Demon Under the Microscope, a history of the discovery of the sulfa drugs; A History of the Fight Against Tuberculosis in Canada (Chemotherapy) Presentation speech, Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine, 1939; The History of WW II Medicine "Five Medical Miracles of the Sulfa Drugs".