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Right atrial enlargement (RAE) is a form of cardiomegaly, or heart enlargement. It can broadly be classified as either right atrial hypertrophy (RAH), overgrowth, or ...
It is more commonly referred to simply as "having an enlarged heart". It is usually the result of underlying conditions that make the heart work harder, such as obesity , heart valve disease , high blood pressure ( hypertension ), and coronary artery disease .
In addition, hypertension precedes heart failure in 90% of cases, [7] and the majority of heart failure in the elderly may be attributable to hypertension. [17] Hypertensive heart disease was estimated to be responsible for 1.0 million deaths worldwide in 2004 (or approximately 1.7% of all deaths globally), and was ranked 13th in the leading ...
Echocardiography can be used to directly visualise right ventricular wall thickness. The preferred technique is the trans-oesophageal approach giving a view of 4 chambers. The normal thickness of a right ventricular free wall ranges from 2-5 millimetres, with a value above 5 mm considered to be hypertrophic. [10]
The underlying commonality in these disease states is an increase in pressures that the ventricles experience. For example, in tetralogy of Fallot, the right ventricle is exposed to the high pressures of the left heart due to a defect in the septum; as a result the right ventricle undergoes hypertrophy to compensate for these increased pressures.
Cardiomegaly: Medical imaging: Indicated by cardiothoracic ratio over 0.5. [7] Autopsy: Cardiomegaly has been suggested when the heart weighs more than >399 grams in women and >449 grams in men. [8] Large intestine: Dilation Upper limit of normal range of diameter: [9] Cecum: 10.5 cm; Ascending colon: 7.0 cm; Transverse colon: 6.5 cm
Other considerations for causes of enlarged heart are athlete's heart and hypertension (high blood pressure). [10] Making the diagnosis of HCM often involves a family history or pedigree, an electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and stress testing. [7] Genetic testing may also be done. [7]
This is a shortened version of the seventh chapter of the ICD-9: Diseases of the Circulatory System. It covers ICD codes 259 to 282 . The full chapter can be found on pages 215 to 258 of Volume 1, which contains all (sub)categories of the ICD-9.