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Plants are capable of producing and synthesizing diverse groups of organic compounds and are divided into two major groups: primary and secondary metabolites. [9] Secondary metabolites are metabolic intermediates or products which are not essential to growth and life of the producing plants but rather required for interaction of plants with their environment and produced in response to stress.
Primary metabolism in a plant comprises all metabolic pathways that are essential to the plant's survival. Primary metabolites are compounds that are directly involved in the growth and development of a plant whereas secondary metabolites are compounds produced in other metabolic pathways that, although important, are not essential to the functioning of the plant.
Secondary metabolites are produced by many microbes, plants, fungi and animals, usually living in crowded habitats, where chemical defense represents a better option than physical escape. [2] It is very hard to distinguish primary and secondary metabolites due to often overlapping of the intermediates and pathways of primary and secondary ...
Glucosinolates occur as secondary metabolites of almost all plants of the order Brassicales. This includes the economically important family Brassicaceae as well as Capparaceae and Caricaceae . Outside of the Brassicales, the genera Drypetes [ 2 ] and Putranjiva in the family Putranjivaceae , are the only other known occurrence of glucosinolates.
Allelochemicals are a subset of secondary metabolites, [2] which are not directly required for metabolism (i.e. growth, development and reproduction) of the allelopathic organism. Allelopathic interactions are an important factor in determining species distribution and abundance within plant communities , and are also thought to be important in ...
Plant defense against herbivory or host-plant resistance is a range of adaptations evolved by plants which improve their survival and reproduction by reducing the impact of herbivores. Many plants produce secondary metabolites, known as allelochemicals, that influence the behavior, growth, or survival of herbivores. These chemical defenses can ...
[1] [2] [3] Metabolic gene clusters are common features of bacterial [4] and most fungal [5] genomes. They are less often found in other [ 6 ] organisms. They are most widely known for producing secondary metabolites , the source or basis of most pharmaceutical compounds, natural toxins , chemical communication, and chemical warfare between ...
Nonribosomal peptides (NRP) are a class of peptide secondary metabolites, usually produced by microorganisms like bacteria and fungi.Nonribosomal peptides are also found in higher organisms, such as nudibranchs, but are thought to be made by bacteria inside these organisms. [1]