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Occipital neuralgia is caused by damage to the occipital nerves, which can arise from trauma (usually concussive or cervical), physical stress on the nerve, repetitive neck contraction, flexion or extension, and/or as a result of medical complications (such as osteochondroma, a benign bone tumour).
In accordance with the International Classification of Headache Disorders, third edition (ICHD-3), [10] diagnostic criteria for NTS are the following: A. at least two episodes fulfilling criteria B-D B. sharp or stabbing unilateral pain (there may or may not be simultaneous dysesthesia) C. precipitated by sudden turning of the neck
Eagle syndrome (also termed stylohyoid syndrome, [1] styloid syndrome, [2] stylalgia, [3] styloid-stylohyoid syndrome, [2] or styloid–carotid artery syndrome) [4] is an uncommon condition commonly characterized but not limited to sudden, sharp nerve-like pain in the jaw bone and joint, back of the throat, and base of the tongue, triggered by swallowing, moving the jaw, or turning the neck. [1]
Under the general heading of neuralgia are trigeminal neuralgia (TN), atypical trigeminal neuralgia (ATN), occipital neuralgia, glossopharyngeal neuralgia and postherpetic neuralgia (caused by shingles or herpes). The term neuralgia is also used to refer to pain associated with sciatica and brachial plexopathy. [2]
Occipital nerve block is a procedure involving injection of steroids or anesthetics into regions of the greater occipital nerve and the lesser occipital nerve used to treat chronic headaches. These nerves are located in the back of the head near in the suboccipital triangle along the line between the inion and the mastoid process .
Cervicocranial syndrome can be caused either due to a defect (genetic mutation [9] or development of diseases later in life) or an injury pertaining to the cervical area of the neck that damages the spinal nerves traveling through the cervical region [10] [7] resulting in ventral subluxation. [11]
Anton syndrome, also known as Anton-Babinski syndrome and visual anosognosia, is a rare symptom of brain damage occurring in the occipital lobe.Those who have it are cortically blind, but affirm, often quite adamantly and in the face of clear evidence of their blindness, that they are capable of seeing.
Occipital horn syndrome (OHS), formerly considered a variant of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, [1] is an X-linked recessive mitochondrial and connective tissue disorder. It is caused by a deficiency in the transport of the essential mineral copper , associated with mutations in the ATP7A gene.