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  2. Color charge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_charge

    Color charge is a property of quarks and gluons that is related to the particles' strong interactions in the theory of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Like electric charge, it determines how quarks and gluons interact through the strong force; however, rather than there being only positive and negative charges, there are three "charges", commonly called red, green, and blue.

  3. Quark - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark

    A quark, which will have a single color value, can form a bound system with an antiquark carrying the corresponding anticolor. The result of two attracting quarks will be color neutrality: a quark with color charge ξ plus an antiquark with color charge −ξ will result in a color charge of 0 (or "white" color) and the formation of a meson.

  4. Quantum chromodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_chromodynamics

    The pattern of strong charges for the three colors of quark, three antiquarks, and eight gluons (with two of zero charge overlapping). Quarks are massive spin- 1 ⁄ 2 fermions that carry a color charge whose gauging is the content of QCD.

  5. Mathematical formulation of the Standard Model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_formulation...

    The pattern of weak isospin T 3, weak hypercharge Y W, and color charge of all known elementary particles, rotated by the weak mixing angle to show electric charge Q, roughly along the vertical. The neutral Higgs field (gray square) breaks the electroweak symmetry and interacts with other particles to give them mass.

  6. Quark model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_model

    Mesons are made of a valence quark–antiquark pair (thus have a baryon number of 0), while baryons are made of three quarks (thus have a baryon number of 1). This article discusses the quark model for the up, down, and strange flavors of quark (which form an approximate flavor SU(3) symmetry). There are generalizations to larger number of flavors.

  7. Ethereum’s fix for its gas fee problem is now live: What you ...

    www.aol.com/finance/ethereum-fix-gas-fee-problem...

    A swap would cost users $87.45 in gas fees on average, while non-fungible token (NFT) sales average $147 in gas. After the Ethereum Dencun upgrade this week, EIP-4844 will reduce L2 gas fees.

  8. Standard Model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model

    In 1964, Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig introduced quarks and that same year Oscar W. Greenberg implicitly introduced color charge of quarks. [8] In 1967 Steven Weinberg [ 9 ] and Abdus Salam [ 10 ] incorporated the Higgs mechanism [ 11 ] [ 12 ] [ 13 ] into Glashow's electroweak interaction , giving it its modern form.

  9. Spire wants to increase a charge on your gas bill. What it ...

    www.aol.com/spire-wants-increase-charge-gas...

    Here’s how to submit feedback to the regulators reviewing a proposal that would increase Spire’s revenue by around $143 million.