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Color charge is a property of quarks and gluons that is related to the particles' strong interactions in the theory of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Like electric charge, it determines how quarks and gluons interact through the strong force; however, rather than there being only positive and negative charges, there are three "charges", commonly called red, green, and blue.
A quark, which will have a single color value, can form a bound system with an antiquark carrying the corresponding anticolor. The result of two attracting quarks will be color neutrality: a quark with color charge ξ plus an antiquark with color charge −ξ will result in a color charge of 0 (or "white" color) and the formation of a meson.
Color confinement is verified by the failure of free quark searches (searches of fractional charges). Quarks are normally produced in pairs (quark + antiquark) to compensate the quantum color and flavor numbers; however at Fermilab single production of top quarks has been shown. [b] [26] No glueball has been demonstrated.
The pattern of strong charges for the three colors of quark, three antiquarks, and eight gluons (with two of zero charge overlapping). Quarks are massive spin- 1 ⁄ 2 fermions that carry a color charge whose gauging is the content of QCD.
Charm quark; Color charge; Cosmological constant; Cosmological constant problem; Dark matter; Electron; Electroweak interaction; ... Chart of particle classification ...
The strength of the color force makes the properties of quark matter unlike gas or plasma, instead leading to a state of matter more reminiscent of a liquid. At high densities, quark matter is a Fermi liquid , but is predicted to exhibit color superconductivity at high densities and temperatures below 10 12 K.
Unlike the photon in electromagnetism, which is neutral, the gluon carries a color charge. Quarks and gluons are the only fundamental particles that carry non-vanishing color charge, and hence they participate in strong interactions only with each other. The strong force is the expression of the gluon interaction with other quark and gluon ...
Their respective antiparticles are the antiquarks, which are identical except that they carry the opposite electric charge (for example the up quark carries charge + 2 / 3 , while the up antiquark carries charge − 2 / 3 ), color charge, and baryon number.