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Ipratropium bromide, sold under the brand name Atrovent among others, is a type of anticholinergic medication which is applied by different routes: inhaler, nebulizer, or nasal spray, for different reasons. [1] [2] The inhalant opens up the medium and large airways in the lungs.
Ipratropium bromide/salbutamol, sold under the brand name Combivent among others, is a combination medication used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). [1] [4] [5] It contains ipratropium (an anticholinergic) and salbutamol (albuterol, a β 2-adrenergic agonist). [1] Common side effects include sore throat, muscle cramps, and ...
A bromide ion is the negatively charged form (Br −) of the element bromine, a member of the halogens group on the periodic table.Most bromides are colorless. Bromides have many practical roles, being found in anticonvulsants, flame-retardant materials, and cell stains. [3]
Delivery of estrogens by nasal spray was studied in 1929, [184] [196] and an estradiol nasal spray for local use was marketed by Schering under the brand name Progynon DH Nasal Spray by 1941. [ 197 ] [ 198 ] Sublingual administration of estradiol was first described in the early 1940s.
Estradiol benzoate (EB), sold under the brand name Progynon-B among others, is an estrogen medication which is used in hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms and low estrogen levels in women, in hormone therapy for transgender women, and in the treatment of gynecological disorders.
Adverse effects are mainly related to its antimuscarinic effects. Common adverse drug reactions (≥1% of people) include: dry mouth and/or throat irritation. Rarely (<0.1% of patients) treatment is associated with: urinary retention, constipation, acute angle closure glaucoma, palpitations (notably supraventricular tachycardia and atrial fibrillation) and allergy (rash, angioedema ...
Glycopyrronium bromide affects the gastrointestinal tracts, liver and kidney but has a very limited effect on the brain and the central nervous system.In horse studies, after a single intravenous infusion, the observed tendencies of glycopyrronium followed a tri-exponential equation, by rapid disappearance from the blood followed by a prolonged terminal phase.
Epinephrine vial 1 mg (Adrenalin). Epinephrine is used to treat a number of conditions, including cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis, and superficial bleeding. [25] It has been used historically for bronchospasm and low blood sugar, but newer treatments for these that are selective for β 2 adrenoceptors, such as salbutamol, are preferred.