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In organic chemistry, a cross-coupling reaction is a reaction where two different fragments are joined. Cross-couplings are a subset of the more general coupling reactions. Often cross-coupling reactions require metal catalysts. One important reaction type is this:
Decarboxylative cross coupling reactions are chemical reactions in which a carboxylic acid is reacted with an organic halide to form a new carbon-carbon bond, concomitant with loss of CO 2. Aryl and alkyl halides participate. Metal catalyst, base, and oxidant are required. Decarboxylative cross-coupling general reaction scheme
In one important reaction type, a main group organometallic compound of the type R-M (where R = organic group, M = main group centre metal atom) reacts with an organic halide of the type R'-X with formation of a new carbon-carbon bond in the product R-R'. The most common type of coupling reaction is the cross coupling reaction. [1] [2] [3]
The Liebeskind–Srogl coupling reaction is an organic reaction forming a new carbon–carbon bond from a thioester and a boronic acid using a metal catalyst. It is a cross-coupling reaction . [ 1 ] This reaction was invented by and named after Jiri Srogl from the Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic, and Lanny S. Liebeskind from Emory ...
Figure 1. Mechanism for a generic cross-coupling reaction with A) homogenous Pd in the presence of a ligand and B) heterogeneous, ligandless Pd as the Pd source. The role of the solid phase in heterogeneous metal catalyzed cross-coupling, then, is more subtle than one might expect.
One of the key features of the Paterson approach is the utilization of hydrozirconation-cross-coupling methodology for the construction of C13-C14 (Z)-olefin. Acetate aldol reaction with high levels of 1,5-anti stereo induction and palladium-mediated sp2-sp3 cross coupling reaction are used to connect subunits. The Panek synthesis of ...
The first example of organogermanes used in transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction was reported in 2004. [1] However, due to the toxicity, low reactivity (compared with other Ar–[M] nucleophiles) and poor stability of ArGeCl 3, this reaction was demonstrated not to be synthetically applicable.
The Negishi coupling is a widely employed transition metal catalyzed cross-coupling reaction. The reaction couples organic halides or triflates with organozinc compounds, forming carbon-carbon bonds (C-C) in the process. A palladium (0) species is generally utilized as the catalyst, though nickel is sometimes used.