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Empathy is generally described as the ability to take on another person's perspective, to understand, feel, and possibly share and respond to their experience. [1] [2] [3] There are more (sometimes conflicting) definitions of empathy that include but are not limited to social, cognitive, and emotional processes primarily concerned with understanding others.
The term empath is sometimes used in a broader sense to describe someone who is more adept at understanding, i.e. is more sensitive to the feelings of others than the average person; or as a descriptor for someone who is higher on an empathetic "spectrum" of sorts. [5]
In psychology, empathic accuracy is a measure of how accurately one person can infer the thoughts and feelings of another person.. The term was introduced in 1988, in conjunction with the term "empathic inference," by psychologists William Ickes and William Tooke. [1]
There is evidence that individual empathetic responses to the pain of others are biased based on racial identity, in-group/out-group status, and position on a social hierarchy. Experiences of pain empathy also vary depending on differences in personality such as the level of threat sensitivity in an individual.
Empathic concern refers to other-oriented emotions elicited by, and congruent with the perceived welfare of, someone in need. [1] These other-oriented emotions include feelings of tenderness, sympathy, compassion and soft-heartedness.
Use empathetic language such as “That was really scary,” or, “That was a big experience,” and follow with comforting words like, “I’m here with you and I love you.”
Pathos is the empathetic side, the alignment with the emotional trust of another person's communication. Logos is the logic , the reasoning part of the presentation. The order of the concepts indicates their relative importance, says Covey.
Vicarious embarrassment, also known as empathetic embarrassment, is intrinsically linked to empathy. Empathy is the ability to understand the feelings of another and is considered a highly reinforcing emotion to promote selflessness, prosocial behavior, [14] and group emotion, whereas a lack of empathy is related to antisocial behavior.