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This expansion gives rise to ultrasound waves (photoechoes) that are detected and formed into an image. Image formation can be done by means of hardware (e.g. acoustic focusing or optical focusing) or computed tomography (mathematical image formation).
Gallium scan showing panda (A) and lambda (B) patterns, considered specific for sarcoidosis in the absence of histological confirmation. In the past, the gallium scan was the gold standard for lymphoma staging, until it was replaced by positron emission tomography (PET) using 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG).
Ultrasound can ablate tumors or other tissue non-invasively. [4] This is accomplished using a technique known as high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), also called focused ultrasound surgery. This procedure uses generally lower frequencies than medical diagnostic ultrasound (250–2000 kHz), but significantly higher time-averaged intensities.
In the field of cancer, ultrasound is commonly used for helping health care professionals detect and develop a diagnosis in affected patients. [34] In the context of drug delivery, ultrasound has been used for a wide variety of therapeutic applications which include but are not limited to melanoma, [16] ovarian cancer, [7] [16] and breast cancer.
This localized approach aims to increase treatment efficacy and minimize side effects. For instance, ultrasound-based contrast media, such as microbubbles, can accumulate in hypervascularized tissues and release the active ingredient in response to ultrasound waves, thus targeting a specific area chosen by the sonographer. [8]
Ultrasound energy is a form of therapy being studied as an anticancer treatment. Intensified ultrasound energy can be directed at cancer cells to heat them and kill them. Recent testing has shown that ultrasound can increase the effectiveness of cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
[1] [2] Many existing cancer treatment strategies cause systemic toxicity or cannot penetrate tissue deep enough to reach the entire tumor; however, emerging ultrasound stimulated therapies could offer an alternative to these treatments with their increased efficiency, greater penetration depth, and reduced side effects. Sonodynamic therapy ...
Ultrasonography machine: uses ultrasound to produce images from within the body; video link: X-ray: uses X-rays to produce images of structures within the body; video link: Contrast media for X-rays: to provide a high contrast image of the details of the viscera under study; e.g. salts of heavy metals, gas like air, radio-opaque dyes, organic ...