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The history of Islam is believed by most historians [1] to have originated with Muhammad's mission in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century CE, [2] [3] although Muslims regard this time as a return to the original faith passed down by the Abrahamic prophets, such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, and Jesus, with the submission (Islām) to the will of God.
This timeline of Islamic history relates the Gregorian and Islamic calendars in the history of Islam. This timeline starts with the lifetime of Muhammad, which is believed by non-Muslims to be when Islam started, [1] though not by Muslims. [2] [3] [4]
When Bilal's master, Umayyah ibn Khalaf found out he had converted to Islam, he began violently to torture Bilal. [17] With Abu Jahl instigating, Umayyah tied Bilal up and had him dragged around Mecca as a means to break Bilal's faith. [17] Frustrated upon Bilal's refusal to denounce Islam, Umayyah became even more angry.
632: Work began on the compilation of the Quran into the form of a book (soon to be known as Mashaf-ul-Hafsa), in the era of Abu Bakr, the first Caliph of Islam. 632 – 661: The Rashidun Caliphate heralded the Arab conquest of Persia, Egypt and Iraq, bringing Islam to those regions.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 25 February 2025. Expansion of the Islamic state (622–750) For later military territorial expansion of Islamic states, see Spread of Islam. Early Muslim conquests Expansion under Muhammad, 622–632 Expansion under the Rashidun Caliphate, 632–661 Expansion under the Umayyad Caliphate, 661–750 Date ...
The exact date is disputed, but it is generally believed to have occurred in 610 CE. According to the Islamic narrative, Muhammad sought solitude after repeatedly experiencing transcendental dreams in which he was told of his upcoming responsibility as a messenger of God , and thus retreated to Jabal al-Nour near Mecca .
Islam [a] is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, [9] and the teachings of Muhammad. [10] Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number 1.9 billion worldwide and are the world's second-largest religious population after Christians. [11] Surah al Fatiha , from the Quran.
[36] [71] According to Muslim tradition, Muhammad also sent letters to many rulers of the world, asking them to convert to Islam (the exact date are given variously in the sources). [ 9 ] [ 72 ] [ 73 ] Hence he sent messengers (with letters) to Heraclius of the Byzantine Empire (the eastern Roman Empire), Khosrau of Persia , the chief of Yemen ...