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The names and ranks used for this group vary considerably. Some sources use the names "Lycopodiophyta" or the shorter "Lycophyta" to include zosterophylls as well as extant lycophytes and their closest extinct relatives, [7] while others use these names to exclude zosterophylls.
Lycopodiopsida is a class of vascular plants also known as lycopsids, [1] lycopods, or lycophytes. Members of the class are also called clubmosses , firmosses , spikemosses and quillworts . They have dichotomously branching stems bearing simple leaves called microphylls and reproduce by means of spores borne in sporangia on the sides of the ...
A proposed phylogeny of the vascular plants after Kenrick and Crane 1997 [16] is as follows, with modification to the gymnosperms from Christenhusz et al. (2011a), [17] Pteridophyta from Smith et al. [18] and lycophytes and ferns by Christenhusz et al. (2011b) [19] The cladogram distinguishes the rhyniophytes from the "true" tracheophytes, the ...
Some authors include the tree-like "aboresecent lycophytes", which formed forests during the Carboniferous period, and often assigned to their own order, Lepidodendrales, within Isoetales. [ 2 ] Fossilised specimens of Isoetes beestonii have been found in rocks dating to the latest Permian -earliest Triassic .
Lycopodiaceae (homosporous lycophytes) split off from the branch leading to Selaginella and Isoetes (heterosporous lycophytes) about ~400 million years ago, during the early Devonian. The two subfamilies Lycopodioideae and Huperzioideae diverged ~350 million years ago, but has evolved so slowly that about 30% of their genes are still in ...
As the lycopods aged, the wood produced by the unifacial cambium decreased towards the top of the plant such that terminal twigs resembled young Lepidodendron stems. Compared to modern trees, the stems and branches of the lycopsids contained little wood with the majority of mature stems consisting of a massive cortical meristem.
[1] [2] Lycophytes were some of the dominating plant species of the Carboniferous period, and included tree-like species, although extant lycophytes are relatively small plants. [ 3 ] 23,420 species of vascular plant have been recorded in South Africa, making it the sixth most species-rich country in the world and the most species-rich country ...
Each leaf will either have many small spores or fewer large spores. Both types of leaf are found on each plant. [ 6 ] Each leaf is narrow, 2–20 centimetres (0.8–8 in) long (exceptionally up to 100 cm or 40 in) and 0.5–3.0 mm (0.02–0.12 in) wide; they can be either evergreen , winter deciduous , or dry-season deciduous.