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Diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP) is one of the four recognized symptom types of shellfish poisoning, alongside paralytic shellfish poisoning, neurotoxic shellfish poisoning and amnesic shellfish poisoning. [citation needed] As the name suggests, it mainly manifests as diarrhea. Abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting may also occur. [citation ...
The first cases of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) due to D. acuta were recorded in 1972 in Peru, but were reported to the scientific community only in 1991. [8] It is a mildest form of seafood poisoning, indicated by severe diarrhoea. [1]
Shellfish poisoning includes four syndromes that share some common features and are primarily associated with bivalve molluscs (such as mussels, clams, oysters and scallops.) [1] As filter feeders, these shellfish may accumulate toxins produced by microscopic organisms, such as cyanobacteria, diatoms and dinoflagellates.
Okadaic acid, C 44 H 68 O 13, is a toxin produced by several species of dinoflagellates.It is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish. [1] One of the primary causes of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, okadaic acid is a potent inhibitor of specific protein phosphatases, and has a variety of negative effects on cells.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration says consumers should avoid eating shellfish from Oregon and Washington state as they may be contaminated with toxins that cause paralytic shellfish poisoning.
The lipophilic toxins accumulate in shellfishes and causes diarrhea and shellfish poisoning to consumers. Dinophysis acuminata is the cause of DSP in Brazil and creates a disturbing impact due to its long and early blooming species[4]. However, their presence is restricted around the spring and summer[4], but in higher concentrations in December.
This contamination of shellfish leads to multiple severe human related illnesses. [2] [4] These illnesses include paralytic shellfish poisoning, diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, neurotoxic shellfish poisoning, and ciguatera fish poisoning. [2] Dinotoxins are impacting not only the marine ecosystem, but the economy as well. [4]
What does a dog cough sound like? As a mysterious canine respiratory illness spreads in the US, veterinarians warn that the early signs of coughing are easy to miss. Many dog owners miss early ...
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