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The inflammation caused by rheumatic fever, usually during childhood, is referred to as rheumatic valvulitis. About half of patients with rheumatic fever develop inflammation involving valvular endothelium. [19] The majority of morbidity and mortality associated with rheumatic fever is caused by its destructive effects on cardiac valve tissue. [18]
Childhood arthritis (juvenile arthritis or pediatric rheumatic disease) is an umbrella term used to describe any rheumatic disease or chronic arthritis-related condition which affects individuals under the age of 16. There are several subtypes that differentiate themselves via prognosis, complications, and treatments.
Sydenham's chorea is an autoimmune disease that results from childhood infection with Group A beta-haemolytic Streptococcus. It is reported to occur in 20–30% of people with acute rheumatic fever and is one of the major criteria for it, although it sometimes occurs in
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis is the most common, chronic rheumatic disease of childhood. In high-income countries, yearly incidence has been estimated at 2–20 cases per 100,000 population; prevalence in these areas is estimated at 16–150 cases per 100,000 population. [47]
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most prevalent rheumatic illness in children, affecting 1 to 4 out of every 1000. SJIA accounts for 10% to 20% of cases, with peak presentation between 1 and 5 years. Children of both genders and ethnic origins are equally affected.
The term childhood disease refers to disease that is contracted or becomes symptomatic before the age of 18 or 21 years old. Many of these diseases can also be contracted by adults. Some childhood diseases include:
Drug eruption: These are potential side effects of taking certain drugs such as penicillin. The reddened maculopapular rash which results can be itchy and be accompanied by a fever. [35] Kawasaki disease: Children with this disease also present with a strawberry tongue and undergo a desquamative process on their palms and soles.
Inflammatory: Arthritis, gout, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic fever Several other medical conditions can resemble RA, and need to be distinguished from it at the time of diagnosis: [ 93 ] Crystal induced arthritis ( gout , and pseudogout ) – usually involves particular joints (knee, MTP1, heels) and can be distinguished with an aspiration of ...