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The bones of the popliteal fossa are the femur and the tibia. Like other flexion surfaces of large joints ( groin , armpit , cubital fossa and essentially the anterior part of the neck ), it is an area where blood vessels and nerves pass relatively superficially, and with an increased number of lymph nodes .
The tibial nerve is the larger terminal branch of the sciatic nerve with root values of L4, L5, S1, S2, and S3. It lies superficial (or posterior) to the popliteal vessels, extending from the superior angle to the inferior angle of the popliteal fossa, crossing the popliteal vessels from lateral to medial side.
The common fibular nerve is the smaller terminal branch of the sciatic nerve. The common fibular nerve has root values of L4, L5, S1, and S2. It arises from the superior angle of the popliteal fossa and extends to the lateral angle of the popliteal fossa, along the medial border of the biceps femoris.
L5 – On the dorsum of the foot at the third metatarsophalangeal joint. S1 – On the lateral aspect of the calcaneus. S2 – At the midpoint of the popliteal fossa. S3 – Over the tuberosity of the ischium or intragluteal fold; S4 and S5 – In the perianal area, less than one cm lateral to the mucocutaneous zone
Medial head: popliteal surface of femur; superior to medial condyle: Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon: Tibial nerve (S1, S2) Plantarflexes ankle when knee is extended; raises heel during walking; flexes leg at knee joint Plantaris: Inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur; oblique popliteal ligament
The popliteus muscle originates from the lateral surface of the lateral condyle of the femur by a rounded tendon. [1] Its fibers pass downward and medially. It inserts onto the posterior surface of tibia, above the soleal line. [1] The popliteus tendon runs beneath the lateral collateral ligament and tendon of biceps femoris.
The oblique popliteal ligament (posterior ligament) is a broad, flat, fibrous ligament on the posterior knee. [1] It is an extension of the tendon of the semimembranosus muscle. [1] [2] It attaches onto the intercondylar fossa and lateral condyle of the femur. [2] It reinforces the posterior central portion of the knee joint capsule. [3]
The posterior tibial artery arises from the popliteal artery in the popliteal fossa. [1] It is accompanied by a deep vein, the posterior tibial vein, along its course. It passes just posterior to the medial malleolus of the tibia, but anterior to the Achilles tendon. [1] It passes into the foot deep to the flexor retinaculum of the foot. [1]