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The ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) or ankle-brachial index (ABI) is the ratio of the blood pressure at the ankle to the blood pressure in the upper arm (brachium). Compared to the arm, lower blood pressure in the leg suggests blocked arteries due to peripheral artery disease (PAD).
Nonhealing lower extremity wound [38] If peripheral artery disease is suspected, the initial study is the ankle–brachial index (ABI). [20] The ABI is a simple, non-invasive test that measures the ratio of systolic blood pressure in the ankle to the systolic blood pressure in the upper arm.
Critical limb ischemia is diagnosed by the presence of ischemic rest pain, and an ulcers that will not heal or gangrene due to insufficient blood flow. [3] Insufficient blood flow may be confirmed by ankle-brachial index (ABI), ankle pressure, toe-brachial index (TBI), toe systolic pressure, transcutaneous oxygen measurement (TcpO2 ), or skin perfusion pressure (SPP).
(00800–00882) lower abdomen [9] (00902–00952) perineum (01112–01190) pelvis (except hip) (01200–01274) upper leg (except knee) (01320–01444) knee and popliteal area (01462–01522) lower leg (below knee) (01610–01682) shoulder and axillary (01710–01782) upper arm and elbow (01810–01860) forearm, wrist and hand
Acute limb ischaemia (ALI) occurs when there is a sudden lack of blood flow to a limb [1] within 14 days of symptoms onset. [2] On the other hand, when the symptoms exceed 14 days, [3] it is called critical limb ischemia (CLI).
Popliteal bypass surgery, more commonly known as femoropopliteal bypass (FPB, fem-pop, etc.) or more generally as lower extremity bypass surgery, is a surgical procedure used to treat diseased leg arteries above or below the knee. [1]
Angiograms of a patient diagnosed with popliteal artery entrapment syndrome of the left lower extremity. Image A shows a neutral popliteal artery before provocative maneuvers. Images B and C show the obstruction (orange arrows) enhanced with provocative maneuvers of plantar flexion and dorsiflexion, respectively.
The physical examination usually shows weakened femoral pulses and a reduced ankle-brachial index. The diagnosis can be verified by color duplex scanning , which reveals either a peak systolic velocity ratio ≥2.5 at the site of stenosis and/or a monophasic waveform.