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The first three stages are ethnocentric as one sees his own culture as central to reality. Climbing the scale, one develops a more and more ethnorelative point of view, meaning that one experiences one's own culture as in the context of other cultures. By the fourth stage, ethnocentric views are replaced by ethnorelative views. [1] [2] [3] [4]
The word ethnocentrism derives from the Greek word "ethnos", meaning "nation" or "people," and the English word center or centrism. [4] A common phrase set for ethnocentrism is "tunnel vision". In this context, ethnocentrism is the view that a particular ethnic group's system of beliefs and values is morally superior to all others. [4]
Polish sociologist Ludwig Gumplowicz is believed to have coined the term "ethnocentrism" in the 19th century, although he may have merely popularized it. Ethnocentrism in social science and anthropology—as well as in colloquial English discourse—means to apply one's own culture or ethnicity as a frame of reference to judge other cultures, practices, behaviors, beliefs, and people, instead ...
Monoculturalism is the policy or process of supporting, advocating, or allowing the expression of the culture of a single social or ethnic group. [1] It generally stems from beliefs within the dominant group that their cultural practices are superior to those of minority groups [2] and is often related to the concept of ethnocentrism, which involves judging another culture based on the values ...
An 'etic' account is a description of a behavior or belief by a social analyst or scientific observer (a student or scholar of anthropology or sociology, for example), in terms that can be applied across cultures; that is, an etic account attempts to be 'culturally neutral', limiting any ethnocentric, political or cultural bias or alienation by ...
lens function compatibility Bayonet > K, M A F, FA, D-FA FA Powerzoom FA-J DA, DA-L DA-SDM, DA-DCM (KAF3) DA, D-FA (KAF4) Main changes: Camera First K-mount version A-position, electrical contacts Screw drive, with contacts for serial communication Two contacts for Powerzoom Aperture ring abandoned Small image circle In lens autofocus motor
The map is a chart in which countries are positioned based on their scores for the two values mapped on the x-axis (survival values versus self-expression values) and the y-axis (traditional values versus secular-rational values). [2] The map shows where societies are located in these two dimensions.
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