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A network interface controller (NIC, also known as a network interface card, [3] network adapter, LAN adapter and physical network interface [4]) is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network. [5] Early network interface controllers were commonly implemented on expansion cards that plugged into a computer bus.
Historically, frame grabber expansion cards were the predominant way to interface cameras to PCs. Other interface methods have emerged since then, with frame grabbers (and in some cases, cameras with built-in frame grabbers) connecting to computers via interfaces such as USB , Ethernet and IEEE 1394 ("FireWire").
PC Card is a parallel peripheral interface for laptop computers and PDAs. [1] The PCMCIA originally introduced the 16-bit ISA -based PCMCIA Card in 1990, but renamed it to PC Card in March 1995 to avoid confusion with the name of the organization. [ 2 ]
A wireless network interface controller may be implemented as an expansion card and connected using PCI bus or PCIe bus, or connected via USB, PC Card, ExpressCard, Mini PCIe or M.2. The low cost and ubiquity of the Wi-Fi standard means that many newer mobile computers have a wireless network interface built into the motherboard.
A driver provides a software interface to hardware devices, enabling operating systems and other computer programs to access hardware functions without needing to know precise details about the hardware being used. A driver communicates with the device through the computer bus or communications subsystem to which the hardware connects.
network interface controller. Also LAN card or network card. [6] network on a chip (NOC) A computer network on a single semiconductor chip, connecting processing elements, fixed-function hardware, or even memories and caches. Increasingly common in system on a chip designs. non-uniform memory access (NUMA) non-volatile memory
A webcam is a video camera which is designed to record or stream to a computer or computer network. They are primarily used in video telephony , live streaming and social media , and security . Webcams can be built-in computer hardware or peripheral devices , and are commonly connected to a device using USB or wireless protocol .
An adapter card or expansion card is a circuit board which is plugged into the expansion bus in a computer to add function or resources, in much the same way as a host bus adapter (see above). [3] [1] Common adapter cards include video cards, network cards, sound cards, and other I/O cards. [9]