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Palatines (Palatine German: Pälzer) were the citizens and princes of the Palatinates, Holy Roman States that served as capitals for the Holy Roman Emperor. [1] [2] [3] After the fall of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the nationality referred more specifically to residents of the Rhenish Palatinate, known simply as "the Palatinate".
The patricians (from Latin: patricius) were originally a group of ruling class families in ancient Rome. The distinction was highly significant in the Roman Kingdom and the early Republic, but its relevance waned after the Conflict of the Orders (494 BC to 287 BC).
Ara Pacis showing the imperial family of Augustus Gold glass portrait of husband and wife (Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Museo Sacro). The ancient Roman family was a complex social structure, based mainly on the nuclear family, but also included various combinations of other members, such as extended family members, household slaves, and freed slaves.
McNeil Center for Early American Studies; University of Pennsylvania; University of Central Florida's Center for Humanities and Digital Research (eds.). "Romani History is American History – Ann Ostendorf". Early American Studies: Miscellany. "Romani People in the Americas". Harvard University: FXB Center for Health and Human Rights. June 14 ...
[4] [5] A common type of social relation in ancient Rome was the clientela system that involved a patron and client(s) that performed services for one another and who were engaged in strong business-like relationships. Patricians were most often the patrons, and they would often have multiple plebeian clients. [2]
The Roman people was the body of Roman citizens (Latin: Rōmānī; Ancient Greek: Ῥωμαῖοι Rhōmaîoi) [a] during the Roman Kingdom, the Roman Republic, and the Roman Empire. This concept underwent considerable changes throughout the long history of the Roman civilisation, as its borders expanded and contracted.
Early scholars of family history applied Darwin's biological theory of evolution in their theory of the evolution of family systems. [11] American anthropologist, Lewis H. Morgan, published Ancient Society in 1877, based on his theory of the three stages of human progress, from savagery through barbarism, to civilization. [12]
In Roman family law, the term "Patria potestas" (Latin: “power of a father”) refers to this concept. [3] He held legal privilege over the property of the familia , and varying levels of authority over his dependents: these included his wife and children , certain other relatives through blood or adoption, clients , freedmen and slaves.