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Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory is a framework for cross-cultural psychology, developed by Geert Hofstede. It shows the effects of a society's culture on the values of its members, and how these values relate to behavior, using a structure derived from factor analysis. [1] Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory.
Philippe d'Iribarne graduated from École polytechnique of France and from Institut d'études politiques de Paris.. He is one of the most notable critics of the limitations of the works of Geert Hofstede, expressing concern that "a theory of culture that considers culture to be ‘shared meaning’ does not allow for representation of the forms of unity and continuity."
One of the most prominent and influential studies to date regarding leadership in a globalized world is the Hofstede dimensions of culture. The study reveals similarities as well as differences across cultures and emphasizes the need to be open-minded to understand the differences in other cultures.
Hofstede was a researcher in the fields of organizational studies and more concretely organizational culture, also cultural economics and management. [5] He was a well-known pioneer in his research of cross-cultural groups and organizations and played a major role in developing a systematic framework for assessing and differentiating national cultures and organizational cultures.
Chinese sociologists [citation needed] identified long term/short term orientation as the fifth and a replica of Hofstede's study identified the sixth: indulgence/restraint. These dimensions were described in his popular work, "Culture's Consequences." Hofstede created a measurement tool for the power distance dimension.
The theory extends previous cross-cultural communication frameworks such as Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory. Schwartz identifies ten basic human values, distinguished by their underlying motivation or goals, and explains how people in all cultures recognize them.
Two definitions of the field include: "the scientific study of human behavior and its transmission, taking into account the ways in which behaviors are shaped and influenced by social and cultural forces" [8] and "the empirical study of members of various cultural groups who have had different experiences that lead to predictable and significant differences in behavior". [9]
The concepts of collectivism and individualism have been applied to high- and low-context cultures by Dutch psychologist Geert Hofstede in his Cultural Dimensions Theory. [3] Collectivist societies prioritize the group over the individual, and vice versa for individualist ones.