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Most of the Cold War spaced armour was designed against medium-to-low caliber kinetic munitions, (e.g. 30mm autocannon and 76mm HESH rounds), especially vehicle side skirts. Most of them were made of RHA plates , or thick reinforced rubbers , and worked in the same way as did WW2-era ones.
Non-explosive reactive armour (NxRA), also known as non-energetic reactive armor (NERA), is a type of vehicle armor used by modern main battle tanks and heavy infantry fighting vehicles. NERA advantages over explosive reactive armor (ERA) are its inexpensiveness, multi-hit capability, [ 1 ] and ease of integration onto armored vehicles due to ...
The concept of ceramic armour goes back to 1918, when Major Neville Monroe Hopkins discovered that a plate of ballistic steel was much more resistant to penetration if covered with a thin (1–2 millimetres) layer of enamel. [22] [23] Further, the Germans experimented with ceramic armour in World War I. [24]
This fragmentation by blast wave is known as 'scabbing' or 'spalling', with the fragments termed 'scabs or 'spall'. [4] [2]Depending upon the armour thickness, a heavy piece of target material (4 to 10 kg (8.8 to 22.0 lb) for a 120 mm (4.7 in) round used in Arjun MBT [4]) can separate out from the other end of the target with supersonic velocities.
The turret armour of the T-72B was the thickest and most effective of all Soviet tank armour; it was even thicker than the frontal armour of the T-80B. [58] The T-72B used a new "reflecting-plate armour" ( bronya s otrazhayushchimi listami ), in which the frontal cavity of the cast turret was filled with a laminate of alternating steel and non ...
Sturmgeschütz III with spaced armour plates. Armour with two or more plates spaced a distance apart, called spaced armour, has been in use since the First World War, where it was used on the Schneider CA1 and Saint-Chamond tanks. Spaced armour can be advantageous in several situations.
An IDF Caterpillar D9 armored bulldozer equipped with slat armor surrounding its driver's cab. Slat armor (or slat armour in British English), also known as bar armor, cage armor, and standoff armor, is a type of vehicle armor designed to protect against high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) attacks, as used by anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs) and rocket-propelled grenades (RPGs).
A new design effort was started, with the spaced armour replaced with a much denser perforated armour assemblage. The new design would go on to augment and, after the Cold War, sometimes replace the Leopard in many countries' armies. [citation needed]