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Larval stages of many Diptera species can be found in soil and many species developing in other terrestrial habitats such as dung carrion or other pupate in soil. Chironomide, Sciaridae, Cecidomiidae are most abundant in terms of biomass Tipulidae and bibiobidae dominate. [2]
Diptera is a large order containing more than 150,000 species including horse-flies, [a] crane flies, hoverflies, mosquitoes and others. Flies have a mobile head, with a pair of large compound eyes , and mouthparts designed for piercing and sucking (mosquitoes, black flies and robber flies), or for lapping and sucking in the other groups.
Pjotr Oosterbroek, 2006 The European families of the Diptera : identification, diagnosis, biology Utrecht, KNNV ISBN 9050112455; Oldroyd, Harold (1954). Diptera 1. Introduction and key to families. Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects. Vol 9 Part 1. Royal Entomological Society. Archived from the original on 2014-02-09.
The Calliphoridae (commonly known as blowflies, blow flies, blow-flies, carrion flies, bluebottles, or greenbottles) [5] are a family of insects in the order Diptera, with almost 1,900 known species. The maggot larvae, often used as fishing bait, are known as gentles . [ 6 ]
Adults are small (< 2 millimetres (5 ⁄ 64 in)) to medium-sized insects (- < 10 millimetres (25 ⁄ 64 in)). Larger Diptera are rare, only certain families of Diptera Mydidae and Pantophthalmidae reach 95–100 millimetres (3 + 3 ⁄ 4 –4 in) wingspan while tropical species of Tipulidae have been recorded at over 100 millimetres (4 in).
Sarcophagidae (from Ancient Greek σάρξ sárx 'flesh' and φαγεῖν phageîn 'to eat') [1] are a family of flies commonly known as flesh flies.They differ from most flies in that they are ovoviviparous, opportunistically depositing hatched or hatching maggots instead of eggs on carrion, dung, decaying material, or open wounds of mammals, hence their common name.
Shatalkin, A.I. 2000. Keys to the Palaearctic flies of the family Lauxaniidae (Diptera). Zoologicheskie Issledovania 5: 1–102. Shtakel'berg, A.A. Family Lauxaniidae in Bei-Bienko, G. Ya, 1988 Keys to the insects of the European Part of the USSR Volume 5 (Diptera) Part 2 English edition.Keys to Palaearctic species but now needs revision .
MacGowan, I. & Rotheray, G. (2008) British Lonchaeidae (Diptera, Cyclorrhapha, Acalyptratae). Royal Entomological Society of London Handbook 10(15). K. G. V. Smith, 1989 An introduction to the immature stages of British Flies. Diptera Larvae, with notes on eggs, puparia and pupae. Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects Vol 10 Part 14.