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Thermochemical nanolithography (TCNL) or thermochemical scanning probe lithography (tc-SPL) is a scanning probe microscopy-based nanolithography technique which triggers thermally activated chemical reactions to change the chemical functionality or the phase of surfaces.
Thermal polymer decomposition. Thermal scanning probe lithography (t-SPL) is a form of scanning probe lithography [1] (SPL) whereby material is structured on the nanoscale using scanning probes, primarily through the application of thermal energy.
Scanning probe lithography [1] (SPL) describes a set of nanolithographic methods to pattern material on the nanoscale using scanning probes. It is a direct-write, mask-less approach which bypasses the diffraction limit and can reach resolutions below 10 nm. [ 2 ]
Water chemistry analysis is often the groundwork of studies of water quality, pollution, hydrology and geothermal waters. Analytical methods routinely used can detect and measure all the natural elements and their inorganic compounds and a very wide range of organic chemical species using methods such as gas chromatography and mass spectrometry .
In the product scan, the first quadrupole Q 1 is set to select an ion of a known mass, which is fragmented in q 2. The third quadrupole Q 3 is then set to scan the entire m/z range, giving information on the sizes of the fragments made. The structure of the original ion can be deduced from the ion fragmentation information.
Freshwater environmental quality parameters are those chemical, physical and biological parameters that can be used to characterise a freshwater body. Because almost all water bodies are dynamic in their composition, the relevant quality parameters are typically expressed as a range of expected concentrations.
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. [1] Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment.
Solid-solid conduction. Probe tip to sample. This is the transfer mechanism which yields the thermal scan. Liquid-liquid conduction. When scanning in non-zero humidity, a liquid meniscus forms between the tip and sample. Conduction can occur through this liquid drop. Gas conduction. Heat can be transferred through the edges of the probe tip to ...