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The Bulgaria–Turkey border (Bulgarian: Българо-турска граница, romanized: Būlgaro-turska granitsa,Turkish: Bulgaristan–Türkiye sınırı) is a 259 km (161 mi) long international border between the Republic of Bulgaria and the Republic of Turkey.
By May 1989, the Bulgarian authorities began to expel the Turks; when the Turkish government's efforts to negotiate with Bulgaria for an orderly migration failed, Turkey opened its borders to Bulgaria on 2 June 1989. However, on 21 August 1989, Turkey reintroduced immigration visa requirements for Bulgarian Turks.
The medieval Bulgarian Empire had active relations with Eastern Thrace before the Ottoman conquest of the Balkans in the 14th–15th century: the area was often part of the Bulgarian state under its stronger rulers from Krum's reign on, such as Simeon I and Ivan Asen II; the city of Edirne (Adrianople, Odrin) was under Bulgarian control a number of times.
In fact, the number of Bulgarian Turks who voluntarily repatriated (125,000) actually exceeded new arrivals from the country. By March 1994, a total of 245,000 Bulgarian Turks had been granted Turkish citizenship. However, Turkey no longer regards Bulgarian Turks as refugees. Beginning in 1994, new entrants to Turkey have been detained and ...
Though it sought an agreement with Bulgaria regarding the migration of Bulgarian Turks from the start, [17] towards the beginning of the "Big Excursion" Turkey vowed to accept the entire estimated population of Bulgarian Turks if necessary and suggested it would be able to integrate the expellees. [25]
In the Second World War that soon followed, Turkey remained neutral, while Bulgaria cooperated with the Axis powers. After the end of the war, Bulgaria became a Soviet satellite state and part of the Warsaw Pact as the People's Republic of Bulgaria, while Turkey pursued a pro-Western foreign policy and joined NATO. [1]
As of 8 January 2025, Bulgarian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 178 countries and territories, ranking the Bulgarian passport 15th overall in terms of travel freedom (tied with the passports of Monaco and Romania), according to the Henley & Partners Passport Index. [1]
The largest communities of the Bulgarian diaspora in the Western part of the European Union are in Spain, Germany, the United Kingdom, France and Italy. Other places that attracted Bulgarian immigration are Australia , New Zealand , South America (especially Argentina and Brazil ), South Africa , and some expats in United Arab Emirates .