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Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is an autoimmune disorder which occurs when antibodies directed against the person's own red blood cells (RBCs) cause them to burst , leading to an insufficient number of oxygen-carrying red blood cells in circulation . The lifetime of the RBCs is reduced from the normal 100–120 days to just a few days in ...
The most common antibody isotype involved in warm antibody AIHA is IgG, though sometimes IgA is found. The IgG antibodies attach to a red blood cell, leaving their F C portion exposed with maximal reactivity at 37 °C (versus cold antibody induced hemolytic anemia whose antibodies only bind red blood cells at low body temperatures, typically 28–31 °C).
Fostamatinib has been in clinical trials for rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune thrombocytopenia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, IgA nephropathy, and lymphoma. [7] [10] The drug is currently being used in a Phase 1 trail to test the safety of the combination of the study drugs fostamatinib and paclitaxel for patients with ovarian cancer. [11]
Drug-independent autoantibodies are found in Drug-induced autoimmune hemolytic anemia because of beta-lactamase inhibitors and platinum-based chemotherapeutics. These autoantibodies can sometimes bind and react to red blood cells even in the absence of whatever drug triggered the anemia .
In severe immune-related hemolytic anemia, steroid therapy is sometimes necessary. In steroid resistant cases, consideration can be given to rituximab or addition of an immunosuppressant (azathioprine, cyclophosphamide).
[1] [2] These immune cytopenias may occur simultaneously or sequentially. [1] [3] Its overall phenotype resembles a combination of autoimmune hemolytic anemia and immune thrombocytopenic purpura. [1] [4] [5] Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a condition in which the red blood cells that normally carry oxygen are destroyed by an autoimmune process ...
Cyclophosphamide (Baxter's Cytoxan) is probably the most potent immunosuppressive compound. In small doses, it is very efficient in the therapy of systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmune hemolytic anemias, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and other immune diseases. High doses cause pancytopenia and hemorrhagic cystitis.
Mixed autoimmune hemolytic anemia (MAIHA) is a type of autoimmune hemolytic anemia which combines the features of cold sensitive antibody-induced diseases and warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia. The work-up for diagnosis is complex and the condition can be over-diagnosed. [1] [2] [better source needed]