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The study of complex adaptive systems, a subset of nonlinear dynamical systems, [6] is an interdisciplinary matter that attempts to blend insights from the natural and social sciences to develop system-level models and insights that allow for heterogeneous agents, phase transition, and emergent behavior.
Healthcare systems are complex in that they are diverse in both structure (e.g. nursing units, pharmacies, emergency departments, operating rooms) and professional mix (e.g. nurses, physicians, pharmacists, administrators, therapists) and made up of multiple interconnected elements with adaptive tendencies in that they have the capacity to change and learn from experience.
Health systems engineering or health engineering (often known as health care systems engineering (HCSE)) is an academic and a pragmatic discipline that approaches the health care industry, and other industries connected with health care delivery, as complex adaptive systems, and identifies and applies engineering design and analysis principles in such areas.
Like most social systems, health systems are complex adaptive systems where change does not necessarily follow rigid management models. [26] In complex systems path dependency, emergent properties and other non-linear patterns are seen, [27] which can lead to the development of inappropriate guidelines for developing responsive health systems. [28]
Complex adaptive systems (CAS), coined by John H. Holland, Murray Gell-Mann, and others at the interdisciplinary Santa Fe Institute, are special cases of complex systems: they are complex in that they are diverse and composed of multiple, interconnected elements; they are adaptive in that they have the capacity to change and learn from experience.
A complex system is a system composed of many components which may interact with each other. [1] Examples of complex systems are Earth's global climate, organisms, the human brain, infrastructure such as power grid, transportation or communication systems, complex software and electronic systems, social and economic organizations (like cities), an ecosystem, a living cell, and, ultimately, for ...
"Complex systems are, by any other definition, learning organizations." [18] Complexity Theory, KM, and OL are all complementary and co-dependent. [18] “KM and OL each lack a theory of how cognition happens in human social systems – complexity theory offers this missing piece”. [18]
The prominent feature of systems with self-adjusting parameters is an ability to avoid chaos. The name for this phenomenon is "Adaptation to the edge of chaos". Adaptation to the edge of chaos refers to the idea that many complex adaptive systems (CASs) seem to intuitively evolve toward a regime near the boundary between chaos and order. [19]