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Three main changes are seen in the mechanism of Raynaud's phenomenon which are reduced blood flow, blood vessel constriction, and neurogenic, inflammatory, and immune responses. It is induced by mental stress and a cold atmosphere. In all cases, the primary cause is an underlying hyperactivation of the sympathetic nervous system. [19]
Paroxysmal hand hematoma, also known as Achenbach syndrome, is a skin condition characterized by spontaneous focal hemorrhage into the palm or the volar surface of a finger, which results in transitory localized pain, followed by rapid swelling and localized blueish discoloration.
Illustration of how the buildup of lipids cause a blockage of blood flow to the portion of the artery below the narrowing. Peripheral arterial disease is considered to be a set of chronic or acute syndromes, generally derived from the presence of occlusive arterial disease, which causes inadequate blood flow to the limbs. [51] [52]
On the other hand, when the symptoms exceed 14 days, [3] it is called critical limb ischemia (CLI). CLI is the end stage of peripheral vascular disease where there is still some collateral circulation (alternate circulation pathways) that bring some blood flow (although inadequate) to the distal parts of the limbs. [2]
Discoloration of the hands, one hand colder than the other hand, weakness of the hand and arm muscles, and tingling are commonly present. [citation needed] Only 1% of people with carpal tunnel syndrome have concomitant TOS. [7] Repetitive motions can cause enlargement of muscles which causes compression of veins.
The most common cause of compartment syndrome in children is traumatic injury. [77] In children <10 years of age, the cause is usually vascular injury or infection. [78] In children >14 years of age, the cause is usually due to trauma or surgical positioning. [78] Treatment for compartment syndrome in children is the same as adults. [72]
Flammer syndrome is a described clinical entity comprising a complex of clinical features caused mainly by dysregulation of the blood supply. It was previously known as vascular dysregulation. [1] It can manifest in many symptoms, such as cold hands and feet, and is often associated with low blood pressure.
In occupational safety and health, hand arm vibrations (HAVs) are a specific type of occupational hazard which can lead to hand–arm vibration syndrome (HAVS). HAVS, also known as vibration white finger ( VWF ) or dead finger , [ 1 ] is a secondary form of Raynaud's syndrome , an industrial injury triggered by continuous use of vibrating hand ...