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The WACC is commonly referred to as the firm's cost of capital. Importantly, it is dictated by the external market and not by management. The WACC represents the minimum return that a company must earn on an existing asset base to satisfy its creditors, owners, and other providers of capital, or they will invest elsewhere. [1]
The weighted average return on assets, or WARA, is the collective rates of return on the various types of tangible and intangible assets of a company.. The presumption of a WARA is that each class of a company's asset base (such as manufacturing equipment, contracts, software, brand names, etc.) carries its own rate of return, each unique to the asset's underlying operational risk as well as ...
ROIC = NOPAT / Average Invested Capital There are three main components of this measurement: [2] While ratios such as return on equity and return on assets use net income as the numerator, ROIC uses net operating income after tax (NOPAT), which means that after-tax expenses (income) from financing activities are added back to (deducted from) net income.
Modern portfolio theory (MPT), or mean-variance analysis, is a mathematical framework for assembling a portfolio of assets such that the expected return is maximized for a given level of risk.
Cash value added (CVA) is a measure of business profitability defined as [1] the EBITDA generated by the business, less tax, less its required return. The required return is an annuity based on the purchase price of the assets in use in the business, inflated to today's value of money, the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) and the economic life of the assets.
A higher debt-to-equity ratio leads to a higher required return on equity, because of the higher risk involved for equity-holders in a company with debt. The formula is derived from the theory of weighted average cost of capital (WACC). These propositions are true under the following assumptions: no transaction costs exist, and
WACC may refer to: Weighted average cost of capital; World Amateur Chess Championship; World Association for Christian Communication; WACC (AM), a radio station (830 ...
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