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Tempered or toughened glass is a type of safety glass processed by controlled thermal or chemical treatments to increase its strength compared with normal glass. Tempering puts the outer surfaces into compression and the interior into tension .
As a result of its safety and strength, tempered glass is used in a variety of demanding applications, including passenger vehicle windows, shower doors, architectural glass doors and tables, refrigerator trays, as a component of bulletproof glass, for diving masks, and various types of plates and cookware. In the United States, since 1977 ...
Unless stated otherwise, the properties of fused silica (quartz glass) and germania glass are derived from the SciGlass glass database by forming the arithmetic mean of all the experimental values from different authors (in general more than 10 independent sources for quartz glass and T g of germanium oxide glass). The list is not exhaustive.
Popular Science Monthly. Vol. 8. January 1876. ISSN 0161-7370 – via Wikisource. PrinceRupertsDrop.com High-speed slow-motion video demonstrations. Video showing the making and the breaking of Prince Rupert's Drops from the Museum of Glass; Popular Science article with a video detailing Prince Rupert's Drops; Corning Inc. (19 November 2014).
Scientific glass blowing, which is practiced in some larger laboratories, is a specialized field of glassblowing. Scientific glassblowing involves precisely controlling the shape and dimension of glass, repairing expensive or difficult-to-replace glassware, and fusing together various glass parts.
In a batch of glass, contaminants that contain nickel might be present (e.g. stainless steel.) These can combine with sulfur to form nickel sulfide inclusions. Furnaces produce hundreds of tons of glass every day, so it is difficult to eliminate all contaminants. This causes a problem later in the manufacturing process. [1]
A dark glass bottle with ground glass plug. Reagent bottles, also known as media bottles or graduated bottles, are containers made of glass, plastic, borosilicate or related substances, and topped by special caps or stoppers. They are intended to contain chemicals in liquid or powder form for laboratories and stored in cabinets or on shelves ...
The pH electrode is an example of a glass electrode that is sensitive to hydrogen ions. Glass electrodes play an important part in the instrumentation for chemical analysis, and physicochemical studies. The voltage of the glass electrode, relative to some reference value, is sensitive to changes in the activity of a certain type of ions.