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[1] [2] The name derives from the fact that, in the sagittal plane and/or transverse plane, the SMA and AA (with some imagination) appear to be a nutcracker crushing a nut (the renal vein). There is a wide spectrum of clinical presentations and diagnostic criteria are not well defined, which frequently results in delayed or incorrect diagnosis ...
The treatment for acute pancreatitis will depend on whether the diagnosis is for the mild form of the condition, which typically resolves without treatment, or the severe form, which can cause serious complications. Patients with mild AP should still be hospitalized, at least briefly, to receive IV fluids and for clinical monitoring purposes. [8]
[3] [12] A biopsy of the pancreas is not required for the diagnosis. [3] On imaging, pancreatic and bile duct dilatation, atrophy of the pancreas, multiple calcifications of the pancreas, and enlargement of pancreatic glands can be found. [12] On MRI scan, there is a low T1 signal due to inflammation, fibrosis, focal lesions, and calcifications.
A pancreatic cyst is a fluid filled sac within the pancreas. They can be benign or malignant. X-ray computed tomography (CT scan) findings of cysts in the pancreas are common, and often are benign. In a study of 2,832 patients without pancreatic disease, 73 patients (2.6%) had cysts in the pancreas. [3] About 85% of these patients had a single ...
Predisposition to infection (often due to disruption of normal flow) A number of important medical conditions are caused by stones: [citation needed] Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) Can cause hydronephrosis (swollen kidneys) and kidney failure; Can predispose to pyelonephritis (kidney infections) Can progress to urolithiasis
Renal effects begin with structural alterations (small kidneys, renal cysts, anomalies of the renal pelvis and calices), but a significant number develop slowly progressive chronic kidney failure associated with chronic cystic disease of the kidneys. In some cases, renal cysts may be detected in utero.
During surgery, a stent may be inserted into the duct to ensure that the duct will not close causing a blockage. This surgery can cause pancreatitis in patients, or in rare cases, kidney failure and death. ERCP are sometimes used for symptomatic pancreas divisum, which offers the benefit of a less invasive approach compared with surgery. [5]
Autoimmune Pancreatitis; Other names: AIP: A. Axial CT image in the pancreatic parenchymal phase shows the typical enlarged, poorly enhancing gland. B. Coronal T2 Weighted MR image demonstrates low signal intensity in the pancreas due to the diffuse fibrosis in the gland. C.