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Participatory Rural Appraisal is a method of participatory planning, used most often in the context of international community development. Participatory Rural Appraisal draws heavily on the work of Paulo Freire and his idea of critical consciousness , as well as Kurt Lewin's integration of democratic leadership, group dynamics , experiential ...
This includes the techniques of participatory rural appraisal, some of which he developed himself or with others. In his later career, there were criticisms of their use, and he questioned whether his unabashed populism had ignored tokenistic manipulation of participatory methods: his experience with larger organisations like the World Bank ...
There are five key assets in any given community: individuals, associations, institutions, physical assets, and connections. [7] These assets are broken down into three categories: Gifts of individuals, Citizens’ Associations, and Local Institutions. [3] Asset maps are used in lieu of needs maps which focus solely on negative aspects of ...
Participatory action research (PAR) is an approach to action research emphasizing participation and action by members of communities affected by that research. It seeks to understand the world by trying to change it, collaboratively and following reflection. PAR emphasizes collective inquiry and experimentation grounded in experience and social ...
Iterations of proven local successes should be scaled up to address the larger need through human energy and existing resources using methodologies such as participatory rural appraisal, asset-based community development, or SEED-SCALE. [26] MDG 8 uniquely focuses on donor achievements, rather than development successes.
SEED-SCALE is an application of emergence within complexity theory, articulating how social change "emerges" with socio-economic development specific to each context of society, economics, and natural environment shaped by the interaction of these relationships; noting that the socio-economic product is not the result of inputs to the system ...
Participatory GIS (PGIS) or public participation geographic information system (PPGIS) is a participatory approach to spatial planning and spatial information and communications management. [1][2] PGIS combines Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) methods with geographic information systems (GIS). [3] PGIS combines a range of geo-spatial ...
Paul Richards (born 14 May 1945) is an emeritus professor of technology and agrarian development at Wageningen University, The Netherlands, and adjunct professor at Njala University in central Sierra Leone. He was formerly a professor in the Department of Anthropology, University College London for many years, [1] and previously taught ...