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In linguistic typology, subject–verb–object (SVO) is a sentence structure where the subject comes first, the verb second, and the object third. Languages may be classified according to the dominant sequence of these elements in unmarked sentences (i.e., sentences in which an unusual word order is not used for emphasis).
In linguistic typology, a subject–object–verb (SOV) language is one in which the subject, object, and verb of a sentence always or usually appear in that order. If English were SOV, "Sam apples ate" would be an ordinary sentence, as opposed to the actual Standard English "Sam ate apples" which is subject–verb–object (SVO).
Sometimes patterns are more complex: some Germanic languages have SOV (Subject-Object-verb) in subordinate clauses, but V2 word order in main clauses, SVO word order being the most common. Using the guidelines above, the unmarked word order is then SVO.
Many languages, such as Greek, have relatively free word order, where VSO is one of many possible orders. Other languages, such as Spanish and Romanian, allow rather free subject-verb inversion. However, the most basic, common, and unmarked form in these languages is SVO, so they are classified as SVO languages.
Tzotzil, like almost all other Mayan languages except Ch'orti', is a verb-initial word order language and is predominantly VOS but has been shown to permit SVO readily. [28] In Tzotzil, the subject is not assumed to raise (in overt syntax) to the specifier of the clausal head , unlike Italian , which is a special case. [ 3 ]
The following languages primarily have a canonical word order of SVO (Subject–verb–object Subcategories. This category has the following 10 subcategories, out of ...
pineapple nota I apa fetch anana nota apa pineapple I fetch I fetch a pineapple British Sign Language (BSL) normally uses topic–comment structure, but its default word order when topic–comment structure is not used is OSV. Marked word order This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged ...
Modern French is a subject-verb-object (SVO) language like other Romance languages (though Latin was a subject-object-verb language). However, V2 constructions existed in Old French and were more common than in other early Romance language texts. It has been suggested that this may be due to influence from the Germanic Frankish language. [20]