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Schramm's model of communication is one of the earliest interaction models of communication. [ 30 ] [ 109 ] [ 110 ] It was published by Wilbur Schramm in 1954 as a response to and an improvement over linear transmission models of communication, such as Lasswell's model and the Shannon–Weaver model. [ 111 ]
Schramm's model of communication was published by Wilbur Schramm in 1954. It is one of the earliest interaction models of communication. [1] [2] [3] It was conceived as a response to and an improvement over earlier attempts in the form of linear transmission models, like the Shannon–Weaver model and Lasswell's model.
Top: Expected results: alpha particles passing through the plum pudding model of the atom undisturbed. Bottom: Observed results: a small portion of the particles were deflected, indicating a small, concentrated charge. Diagram is not to scale; in reality the nucleus is vastly smaller than the electron shell.
The current theoretical model of the atom involves a dense nucleus surrounded by a probabilistic "cloud" of electrons. Atomic theory is the scientific theory that matter is composed of particles called atoms. The definition of the word "atom" has changed over the years in response to scientific discoveries.
1913 Niels Bohr presents his quantum model of the atom [3] 1913 Robert Millikan measures the fundamental unit of electric charge; 1913 William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg work out the Bragg condition for strong X-ray reflection; 1914 Ernest Rutherford suggests that the positively charged atomic nucleus contains protons [4]
Ernest Rutherford's gold foil experiment disproved the plum pudding model of the atom which suggested that the mass and positive charge of the atom are almost uniformly distributed. This led to the planetary model of the atom (1911). James Franck and Gustav Hertz's electron collision experiment shows that energy absorption by mercury atoms is ...
The plum pudding model was the first scientific model of the atom to describe an internal structure. It was first proposed by J. J. Thomson in 1904 following his discovery of the electron in 1897, and was rendered obsolete by Ernest Rutherford 's discovery of the atomic nucleus in 1911.
Wilbur Lang Schramm (August 5, 1907 – December 27, 1987) was an American scholar and "authority on mass communications". [1] He founded the Iowa Writers' Workshop in 1936 and served as its first director until 1941.