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An orbital blowout fracture is a traumatic deformity of the orbital floor or medial wall that typically results from the impact of a blunt object larger than the orbital aperture, or eye socket. [1] Most commonly this results in a herniation of orbital contents through the orbital fractures. [ 1 ]
The zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture, also known as a quadripod fracture, quadramalar fracture, and formerly referred to as a tripod fracture or trimalar fracture, has four components, three of which are directly related to connections between the zygoma and the face, and the fourth being the orbital floor.
Möbius (left) and Hückel (right) orbital arrays. The two orbital arrays in Figure 3 are just examples and do not correspond to real systems. In inspecting the Möbius one on the left, plus–minus overlaps are seen between orbital pairs 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, 5-6, and 6-1, corresponding to an odd number (5), as required by a Möbius system.
A diatomic molecular orbital diagram is used to understand the bonding of a diatomic molecule. MO diagrams can be used to deduce magnetic properties of a molecule and how they change with ionization. They also give insight to the bond order of the molecule, how many bonds are shared between the two atoms. [12]
Fractography is the study of the fracture surfaces of materials. Fractographic methods are routinely used to determine the cause of failure in engineering structures, especially in product failure and the practice of forensic engineering or failure analysis.
Complete acetylene (H–C≡C–H) molecular orbital set. The left column shows MO's which are occupied in the ground state, with the lowest-energy orbital at the top. The white and grey line visible in some MO's is the molecular axis passing through the nuclei. The orbital wave functions are positive in the red regions and negative in the blue.
For example, NO 2 − is a strong-field ligand and produces a large Δ. The octahedral ion [Fe(NO 2) 6] 3−, which has 5 d-electrons, would have the octahedral splitting diagram shown at right with all five electrons in the t 2g level. This low spin state therefore does not follow Hund's rule. High Spin [FeBr 6] 3− crystal field diagram
Walsh diagrams in conjunction with molecular orbital theory can also be used as a tool to predict reactivity. By generating a Walsh Diagram and then determining the HOMO/LUMO of that molecule, it can be determined how the molecule is likely to react. In the following example, the Lewis acidity of AH 3 molecules such as BH 3 and CH 3 + is predicted.