Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Chromosome 20 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. Chromosome 20 spans around 66 million base pairs (the building material of DNA ) and represents between 2 and 2.5 percent of the total DNA in cells .
Molecular biology – study of biology and biological functions at the molecular level, with some cross over from biochemistry. Structural biology – a branch of molecular biology, biochemistry, and biophysics concerned with the molecular structure of biological macromolecules. Health sciences and human biology – biology of humans.
In biology, parts of the DNA double helix that need to separate easily, such as the TATAAT Pribnow box in some promoters, tend to have a high AT content, making the strands easier to pull apart. [29] In the laboratory, the strength of this interaction can be measured by finding the melting temperature T m necessary to break half of the hydrogen ...
In eukaryotes, DNA is mainly in the cell nucleus. [73] In prokaryotes, the DNA is held within the nucleoid. [74] The genetic information is held within genes, and the complete assemblage in an organism is called its genotype. [75] DNA replication is a semiconservative process whereby each strand serves as a template for a new strand of DNA. [72]
Circular molecules of DNA, such as plasmids and typical mitochondrial genomes, consist of two strands of DNA called the heavy strand (or H-strand) and the light strand (or L-strand). The two strands have different masses due to different proportions of heavier nucleotides .
Selected portions of the DNA nucleotide sequence are copied into a corresponding RNA nucleotide sequence, which either encodes a protein (if it is an mRNA) or forms a 'structural' RNA, such as a transfer RNA (tRNA) or ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule. Each region of the DNA helix that produces a functional RNA molecule constitutes a gene. [15]
Gene structure is the organisation of specialised sequence elements within a gene.Genes contain most of the information necessary for living cells to survive and reproduce. [1] [2] In most organisms, genes are made of DNA, where the particular DNA sequence determines the function of the gene.
These DNA breaks are utilized to prime reverse transcriptase, ultimately integrating the SINE transcript back into the genome. [22] SINEs nonetheless depend on enzymes coded by other DNA elements and are thus known as non-autonomous retrotransposons as they depend on the machinery of LINEs, which are known as autonomous retrotransposons.