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A mainframe computer, informally called a mainframe or big iron, [1] is a computer used primarily by large organizations for critical applications like bulk data processing for tasks such as censuses, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning, and large-scale transaction processing.
Since IBM hardware does I/O via the use of channels and channel programs, TPF would generate very small and efficient channel programs to do its I/O — all in the name of speed. Since the early days also placed a premium on the size of storage media — be it memory or disk, TPF applications evolved into doing very powerful things while using ...
A coupling facility is a mainframe processor (runs in an own LPAR, with dedicated physical CP, defined through Hardware Management Console (HMC)), with memory and special channels (CF Links), and a specialized operating system called Coupling Facility Control Code (CFCC). It has no I/O devices, other than the CF links.
However, models were upward compatible and most were also downward compatible. The System/360 was also the first computer in wide use to include dedicated hardware provisions for the use of operating systems. Among these were supervisor and application mode programs and instructions, as well as built-in memory protection facilities.
However, many mainframe applications these days have custom web or GUI interfaces. The z/OS operating system has built-in support for TCP/IP. System management, done in the past with a 3270 terminal, is now done through the Hardware Management Console (HMC) and, increasingly, Web interfaces.
A Sysplex Timer is a physically separate piece of hardware from the mainframe, [12] whereas STP is an integral facility within the mainframe's microcode. [13] With STP and ICFs it is possible to construct a complete Parallel Sysplex installation with two connected mainframes.
The typical ordering process of modern IBM Z mainframe looks like a buying of service [50] or looks like a leasing; [51] the mainframe is a program/hardware complex with rent for a system workload, and (in the most cases) additional system capabilities can be unlocked after additional payment.
Non-mainframe versions are called TXSeries. Tuxedo – 1980s. Transactions for Unix, Extended for Distributed Operations developed by AT&T Corporation, now owned by Oracle Corporation. Tuxedo is a cross-platform TPS. UNIVAC Transaction Interface Package (TIP) – 1970s. A transaction processing monitor for UNIVAC 1100/2200 series computers. [3]