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  2. Time dilation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_dilation

    Time dilation is the difference in elapsed time as measured by two clocks, either because of a relative velocity between them (special relativity), or a difference in gravitational potential between their locations (general relativity). When unspecified, "time dilation" usually refers to the effect due to velocity.

  3. Twin paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin_paradox

    This combines the effects of time dilation due to motion (by factor α = 0.6, five years on Earth are 3 years on ship) and the effect of increasing light-time-delay (which grows from 0 to 4 years). Of course, the observed frequency of the transmission is also 1 ⁄ 3 the frequency of the transmitter (a reduction in frequency; "red-shifted").

  4. Spacetime diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacetime_diagram

    A spacetime diagram is a graphical illustration of locations in space at various times, especially in the special theory of relativity.Spacetime diagrams can show the geometry underlying phenomena like time dilation and length contraction without mathematical equations.

  5. Gravitational time dilation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_time_dilation

    Gravitational time dilation is a form of time dilation, an actual difference of elapsed time between two events, as measured by observers situated at varying distances from a gravitating mass. The lower the gravitational potential (the closer the clock is to the source of gravitation), the slower time passes, speeding up as the gravitational ...

  6. Special relativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_relativity

    Time dilation explains a number of physical phenomena; for example, the lifetime of high speed muons created by the collision of cosmic rays with particles in the Earth's outer atmosphere and moving towards the surface is greater than the lifetime of slowly moving muons, created and decaying in a laboratory. [30] Figure 4–2.

  7. Theory of relativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_relativity

    Time dilation: Moving clocks are measured to tick more slowly than an observer's "stationary" clock. Length contraction: Objects are measured to be shortened in the direction that they are moving with respect to the observer. Maximum speed is finite: No physical object, message or field line can travel faster than the speed of light in vacuum.

  8. Two-body problem in general relativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-body_problem_in...

    The two-body problem in general relativity (or relativistic two-body problem) is the determination of the motion and gravitational field of two bodies as described by the field equations of general relativity. Solving the Kepler problem is essential to calculate the bending of light by gravity and the motion of a planet orbiting its sun.

  9. Tests of special relativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tests_of_special_relativity

    The transverse Doppler effect and consequently time dilation was directly observed for the first time in the Ives–Stilwell experiment (1938). In modern Ives-Stilwell experiments in heavy ion storage rings using saturated spectroscopy, the maximum measured deviation of time dilation from the relativistic prediction has been limited to ≤ 10 −8.

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