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The pituitary gland or hypophysis is an endocrine gland in vertebrates. In humans , the pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain , protruding off the bottom of the hypothalamus . The human pituitary gland is oval shaped , about 1 cm in diameter, 0.5–1 gram (0.018–0.035 oz) in weight on average, and about the size of a kidney bean .
-form: used to form adjectives indicating "having the form of" Latin fōrma, form, shape cruciform, cuneiform, falciform fore-before or ahead Old English fōr(e)-, before, in front of foregut, foreshadow fossa: a hollow or depressed area; a trench or channel Latin fossa, ditch, pit fossa ovalis: front-of or pertaining to the forehead
The pituitary gland is formed within the rostral neural plate. The Rathke's pouch, a cavity of ectodermal cells of the oropharynx, forms between the fourth and fifth week of gestation [26] and upon full development, it gives rise to the anterior pituitary gland. [27] By seven weeks of gestation, the anterior pituitary vascular system begins to ...
One of the most important functions of the hypothalamus—it is located in the brain adjacent to the pituitary gland—is to link the endocrine system to the nervous system via the pituitary gland.) Other organs, such as the kidneys, also have roles within the endocrine system by secreting certain hormones.
The pituitary gland is divided into three lobes: the anterior pituitary, the intermediate pituitary lobe, and the posterior pituitary. The hypothalamus controls the anterior pituitary's hormone secretion by sending releasing factors, called tropic hormones , down the hypothalamo-hypophysial portal system. [ 3 ]
Roughly 85% of the circulating T 3 is later formed in the liver and anterior pituitary by removal of the iodine atom from the carbon atom number five of the outer ring of T 4. In any case, the concentration of T 3 in the human blood plasma is about one-fortieth that of T 4. The half-life of T 3 is about 2.5 days. [3] The half-life of T 4 is ...
The anterior pituitary (also called the adenohypophysis or pars anterior) is a major organ of the endocrine system.The anterior pituitary is the glandular, anterior lobe that together with the posterior pituitary (or neurohypophysis) makes up the pituitary gland (hypophysis) which, in humans, is located at the base of the brain, protruding off the bottom of the hypothalamus.
Hypothalamic disorders result from a deficiency in the release of gonadotropic releasing hormone , while pituitary gland disorders are due to a deficiency in the release of gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary. [1] GnRH is the central regulator in reproductive function and sexual development via the HPG axis.