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José Rizal's life is one of the most documented of 19th-century Filipinos due to the vast and extensive records written by and about him. [29] Almost everything in his short life is recorded somewhere. He was a regular diarist and prolific letter writer, and much of this material has survived.
' The Philippine League ') was a secret society. It was founded by José Rizal in the house of Doroteo Ongjunco at Ilaya Street, Tondo, Manila on July 3, 1892. [1] [2] In 1892, prior to its birth, Rizal alighted at the Old Malolos station to campaign in the Malolos Historic Town Center for the Philippine League's establishment. [3]
The Philippine Propaganda Movement encompassed the activities of a group based in Spain but coming from the Philippines, composed of Indios (indigenous peoples), Mestizos (mixed race), Insulares (Spaniards born in the Philippines, also known as "Filipinos" as that term had a different, less expansive meaning prior to the death of Jose Rizal in Bagumbayan) and Peninsulares (Spaniards born in ...
The prologue for W.E. Retana’s book on Rizal was written by Javier Gómez de la Serna, while the epilogue was written by Miguel de Unamuno (1864–1936). Vida y Escritos del Dr. José Rizal is the first biographical account of the life of Rizal written by a non-Filipino author (the second is Rizal: Philippine Nationalist and Martyr by British ...
José Rizal was a prominent liberal thinker whose ideas were adopted by both the national movement and American authorities. The 19th century saw the rise of liberalism in Spain, culminating in the Spanish Constitution of 1812. [1]: 163–164 This constitution even included the representation of the Philippines within the Cortes of Cádiz.
Cover of the 1905 edition of the essay, published to commemorate the 15th anniversary of La Solidaridad. Filipinas dentro de cien años ("The Philippines a century hence") [1] is a socio-political essay written in four parts (September 1889- January 1890) in the magazine La solidaridad by José Rizal. [2]
These movements are characterized by the upsurge of anti-colonialist sentiments and ideals which peaked in the late 19th century led mostly by the ilustrado or landed, educated elites, whether peninsulares, insulares, or native (Indio). This served as the backbone of the first nationalist revolution in Asia, the Philippine Revolution of 1896. [1]
The Ilustrados (Spanish: [ilusˈtɾaðos], "erudite", [1] "learned" [2] or "enlightened ones" [3]) constituted the Filipino intelligentsia (educated class) during the Spanish colonial period in the late 19th century. [4] [5] Elsewhere in New Spain (of which the Philippines were part), the term gente de razón carried a similar meaning.