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Bell-cast (sprocketed, flared): A roof with the shallow slope below the steeper slope at the eaves. Compare with bell roof. East Asian hip-and-gable roof; Mokoshi: A Japanese decorative pent roof; Pavilion roof : A low-pitched roof hipped equally on all sides and centered over a square or regular polygonal floor plan. [10]
Flat roofs, or "low-slope" roofs, are also commonly found on commercial buildings throughout the world. The U.S.-based National Roofing Contractors Association defines a low-slope roof as having a slope of 3 in 12 (1:4) or less. [2] Flat roofs exist all over the world, and each area has its own tradition or preference for materials used.
The purlins are the large beams perpendicular to the rafters; from this shot, it appears that there are three purlins on either side of the roof. The sheathing boards are sometimes called the roof deck and are painted white. A purlin (or historically purline, purloyne, purling, perling) is a longitudinal, horizontal, structural member in a roof.
A flat roof includes pitches as low as 1 ⁄ 2:12 to 2:12 (1 in 24 to 1 in 6), which are barely capable of properly shedding water. Such low-slope roofs (up to 4:12 (1 in 3)) require special materials and techniques to avoid leaks. [4] Conventional describes pitches from 4:12 (1 in 3) to 9:12 (3 in 4). [4]
A more recent design is the installation of a roof deck with foil-backed foam along with a second deck that is air-gapped away from the foil-backed foam to allow air to flow vertically to a ventilation outlet at the peak of the roof—it is a double-deck design with an air gap. This design improves efficiency. [13]
A level architectural deck may be intended for use by people, e.g., what in the UK is usually called a decked patio. "Roof deck" refers to the flat layer of construction materials to which the weather impervious layers are attached to a form a roof, and they may be either level (for a "flat" rooftop) or sloped.
Mechanically seamed metal with concealed fasteners contains sealant in seams for use on very low sloped roofs, suitable for roofs of low pitch such as 0.5/12 to 3/12 pitch. Flat-seam metal with or without soldered seams. Steel coated with a coloured alloy of zinc and aluminium. Stone-coated metal roofing.
Asphalt roll roofing or membrane is a roofing material commonly used for buildings that feature a low sloped roof pitch in North America. The material is based on the same materials used in asphalt shingles ; an organic felt or fiberglass mat, saturated with asphalt , and faced with granular stone aggregate.