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One scholar argues that 20% of Indonesian words are inspired by the Dutch language. [109] Before the standardization of the language, many Indonesian words follow standard Dutch alphabet and pronunciation such as "oe" for vowel "u" or "dj" for consonant "j" [dʒ].
The following is a partial list of English words of Indonesian origin. The loanwords in this list may be borrowed or derived, either directly or indirectly, from the Indonesian language . Some words may also be borrowed from Malay during the British colonial period in British Malaya , or during the short period of British rule in Java .
Words have been freely borrowed from English and only partly assimilated, in many cases, to the Indonesian patterns of structure. [47] By the late 1970s, English words began pouring into the language, leading one commentator, writing in 1977, to refer to the "trend towards Indo-Saxonization", [48] known in Indonesian as pengindosaksonan. Many ...
This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Indonesian and Malay on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Indonesian and Malay in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them.
The study of Indonesian etymology and loan words reflects its historical and social context. Examples include the early Sanskrit borrowings, probably during the Srivijaya period, the borrowings from Arabic and Persian, especially during the time of the establishment of Islam, and words borrowed from Dutch during the colonial period.
There are two main standards for Malay pronunciation, the Johor-Riau standard which is derived from the influential Johor-Riau accent, used in Brunei and Malaysia, and the Baku (lit. 'standard' in Malay/Indonesian) standard which follows a "pronounce as spelt" approach to pronunciation, used in Indonesia and Singapore. [1]
The Malay alphabet has a phonemic orthography; words are spelled the way they are pronounced, with a notable defectiveness: /ə/ and /e/ are both written as E/e.The names of the letters, however, differ between Indonesia and rest of the Malay-speaking countries; while Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore follow the letter names of the English alphabet, Indonesia largely follows the letter names of ...
In addition, modern English forms are given for comparison purposes. Nouns are given in their nominative case, with the genitive case supplied in parentheses when its stem differs from that of the nominative. (For some languages, especially Sanskrit, the basic stem is given in place of the nominative.) Verbs are given in their "dictionary form".
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