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Estimates of the total number of black slaves moved from sub-Saharan Africa to the Arab world range from 6 to 10 million, and the trans-Saharan trade routes conveyed a significant number of this total, with one estimate tallying around 7.2 million slaves crossing the Sahara from the mid-7th century until the 20th century when it was abolished.
[74] With the development of the trans-Saharan slave trade and the economies of gold in the western Sahel, a number of the major states became organized around the slave trade, including the Ghana Empire, the Mali Empire, the Bono State and Songhai Empire. [77] However, other communities in West Africa largely resisted the slave trade.
Early records of trans-Saharan slave trade come from ancient Greek historian Herodotus in the 5th century BCE, who records the Garamantes enslaving cave-dwelling Egyptians in Sudan. [20] [21] Two records of Romans accompanying the Garamantes on slave raiding expeditions are recorded - the first in 86 CE and the second a few years later to Lake ...
Trans-Saharan trade routes, from Marrakesh to the Awlil salt mines on the west, to Darb Al Arbain on the east . The trans-Saharan trade routes were among the most significant trade networks in pre-colonial Africa. These routes connected West Africa with North Africa and the Mediterranean, facilitating the exchange of gold, salt, ivory, and slaves.
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Islamic law approved of enslavement of non-Muslims, and slaves were trafficked from non-Muslim lands: from the North via the Balkan slave trade and the Crimean slave trade; from the East via the Bukhara slave trade; from the West via Andalusian slave trade; and from the South via the Trans-Saharan slave trade, the Red Sea slave trade and the ...
In the 19th century, between 3500 and 4000 African slaves were trafficked to Morocco via the Trans-Saharan slave trade every year; by the 1880s, they were still 500 yearly. [ 6 ] Most concubines in Morocco were black, as they were more easily acquired in the local markets due to continuous yearly supply from the trans-Saharan slave trade.
Examples of Arabic slave trades are : Trans-Saharan slave trade (between the mid-7th century and the 20th century) Indian Ocean slave trade (between antiquity and the early 20th-century) Comoros slave trade (from an unknown time until the mid 19th-century) Zanzibar slave trade (from an unknown time until the early 20th-century)